Shono Takanori, Thiery Alexandre P, Cooper Rory L, Kurokawa Daisuke, Britz Ralf, Okabe Masataka, Fraser Gareth J
Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; Department of Anatomy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
iScience. 2019 Sep 27;19:1248-1259. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.06.003. Epub 2019 Jul 25.
Teleost fishes develop remarkable varieties of skin ornaments. The developmental basis of these structures is poorly understood. The order Tetraodontiformes includes diverse fishes such as the ocean sunfishes, triggerfishes, and pufferfishes, which exhibit a vast assortment of scale derivatives. Pufferfishes possess some of the most extreme scale derivatives, dermal spines, erected during their characteristic puffing behavior. We demonstrate that pufferfish scale-less spines develop through conserved gene interactions that underlie general vertebrate skin appendage formation, including feathers and hair. Spine development retains conservation of the EDA (ectodysplasin) signaling pathway, important for the development of diverse vertebrate skin appendages, including these modified scale-less spines of pufferfish. Further modification of genetic signaling from both CRISPR-Cas9 and small molecule inhibition leads to loss or reduction of spine coverage, providing a mechanism for skin appendage diversification observed throughout the pufferfishes. Pufferfish spines have evolved broad variations in body coverage, enabling adaptation to diverse ecological niches.
硬骨鱼会发育出各种各样引人注目的皮肤附属物。这些结构的发育基础还知之甚少。鲀形目包括多种鱼类，如翻车鱼、扳机鱼和河豚，它们展示出各种各样的鳞片衍生物。河豚拥有一些最极端的鳞片衍生物——皮刺，这些皮刺在它们特有的鼓气行为中竖起。我们证明，河豚无鳞皮刺通过保守的基因相互作用发育而来，这些相互作用是包括羽毛和毛发在内的一般脊椎动物皮肤附属物形成的基础。皮刺发育保留了EDA（外胚层发育不良蛋白）信号通路的保守性，该信号通路对包括河豚这些经过修饰的无鳞皮刺在内的多种脊椎动物皮肤附属物的发育很重要。来自CRISPR-Cas9和小分子抑制的基因信号的进一步修饰会导致皮刺覆盖范围的减少或丧失，这为在整个河豚群体中观察到的皮肤附属物多样化提供了一种机制。河豚的皮刺在身体覆盖范围上进化出了广泛的差异，从而能够适应不同的生态位。
