Department of Medical & Surgical Sciences-DIMEC, "Alma Mater" University, Bologna, Italy.
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2019 Sep;29(9):983-990. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.06.006. Epub 2019 Jun 19.
Dysfunctional eating might impact on the management and metabolic control of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), modifying adherence to healthy diet and food choices.
In a multicenter study, we assessed the prevalence of dysfunctional eating in 895 adult outpatients with T2DM (51% males, median age 67, median BMI 30.3 kg/m). Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded; dysfunctional eating was tested by validated questionnaires (Eating Attitude Test-EAT-26, Binge Eating Scale-BES; Night Eating Questionnaire-NEQ); food intake and adherence to Mediterranean diet were also measured (in-house developed questionnaire and Mediterranean Diet Score-MDS). Obesity was present in 52% of cases (10% obesity class III), with higher rates in women; 22% had HbA1c ≥ 8%. The EAT-26 was positive in 19.6% of women vs. 10.2% of men; BES scores outside the normal range were recorded in 9.4% of women and 4.4% of men, with 3.0% and 1.5% suggestive of binge eating disorder, respectively. Night eating (NEQ) was only present in 3.2% of women and 0.4% of men. Critical EAT and BES values were associated with higher BMI, and all NEQ + ve cases, but one, were clustered among BES + ve individuals. Calorie intake increased with BES, NEQ, and BMI, and decreased with age and with higher adherence to Mediterranean diet. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, female sex, and younger age were associated with increase risk of dysfunctional eating.
Dysfunctional eating is present across the whole spectrum of T2DM and significantly impacts on adherence to dietary restriction and food choices.
饮食失调可能会影响 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）的管理和代谢控制，从而改变患者对健康饮食和食物选择的依从性。
在一项多中心研究中，我们评估了 895 名成年 T2DM 门诊患者（51%为男性，中位年龄 67 岁，中位 BMI 为 30.3kg/m²）的饮食失调患病率。记录了社会人口统计学和临床特征；使用经过验证的问卷（饮食态度测试-EAT-26、暴饮暴食量表-BES；夜间进食问卷-NEQ）测试了饮食失调；还测量了食物摄入量和对地中海饮食的依从性（内部开发的问卷和地中海饮食评分-MDS）。肥胖的发生率为 52%（肥胖 3 级的发生率为 10%），女性的肥胖发生率更高；HbA1c≥8%的发生率为 22%。女性 EAT-26 阳性率为 19.6%，男性为 10.2%；BES 评分超出正常范围的女性占 9.4%，男性占 4.4%，分别有 3.0%和 1.5%提示存在暴食障碍。夜间进食（NEQ）仅在 3.2%的女性和 0.4%的男性中存在。临界 EAT 和 BES 值与更高的 BMI 相关，且所有 NEQ+病例均与 BES+病例聚集。热量摄入随着 BES、NEQ 和 BMI 的增加而增加，随着年龄的增加和对地中海饮食的依从性增加而减少。多变量逻辑回归分析显示，女性和年龄较小与饮食失调风险增加相关。
饮食失调存在于 T2DM 的整个谱中，显著影响饮食限制和食物选择的依从性。
