Section of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, United States.
Advanced Diagnostic Laboratories, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States.
Front Immunol. 2019 Jul 12;10:1517. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01517. eCollection 2019.
Autoantibodies to cytokines are increasingly being detected in association with immunodeficient, autoimmune and immune dysregulated states. Presence of these autoantibodies in an otherwise healthy individual may result in a unique phenotype characterized by predisposition to infection with specific organisms. The ability to detect these autoantibodies is of importance as it may direct treatment toward a combination of anti-microbial agents and immunomodulatory therapies that decrease autoantibody levels, thereby releasing the immune system from autoantibody-mediated inhibition. Ligand binding assays such as ELISA or bead multiplex assays have been used to detect these antibodies. However, not all anti-cytokine autoantibodies have demonstrable function and therefore their clinical significance is unclear. Assays that evaluate the functionality of anti-cytokine autoantibodies can supplement such ligand binding assays and add valuable functional information that, when viewed in the context of the clinical phenotype, may guide the use of adjunctive immunomodulatory therapy. This mini review provides an overview of anti-cytokine autoantibodies identified to date and their clinical associations. It also describes the use of flow cytometry for the functional analysis of anti-IFNγ and anti-GM-CSF autoantibodies.
自身抗体与细胞因子的检测越来越多地与免疫缺陷、自身免疫和免疫失调状态相关联。在其他方面健康的个体中存在这些自身抗体可能导致具有特定生物体易感性感染的独特表型。检测这些自身抗体的能力非常重要，因为它可以指导针对抗微生物药物和免疫调节疗法的联合治疗，从而降低自身抗体水平，从而使免疫系统免受自身抗体介导的抑制。酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）或珠多重检测等配体结合测定法已被用于检测这些抗体。然而，并非所有的抗细胞因子自身抗体都具有可证明的功能，因此其临床意义尚不清楚。评估抗细胞因子自身抗体功能的测定可以补充这些配体结合测定，并提供有价值的功能信息，当结合临床表型来看时，可能指导辅助免疫调节治疗的应用。这篇小型综述概述了迄今为止已鉴定的抗细胞因子自身抗体及其临床关联。它还描述了使用流式细胞术对抗 IFNγ 和抗 GM-CSF 自身抗体进行功能分析。
