美国一例抗粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子自身抗体阳性患者感染与太平洋西北地区暴发有关的 VGIIa

VGIIa Infection Associated with Travel to the Pacific Northwest Outbreak Region in an Anti-Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Autoantibody-Positive Patient in the United States.

机构信息

Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.

出版信息

mBio. 2019 Feb 12;10(1):e02733-18. doi: 10.1128/mBio.02733-18.

Abstract

The region encompassing the Pacific Northwest (PNW), Vancouver Island, Oregon, and Washington has been the location of an ongoing outbreak since the 1990s, and there is evidence that the outbreak is expanding along the West Coast into California. Here we report a clinical case of a 69-year-old, HIV-negative man from North Carolina who was diagnosed with a fungal brain mass by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and pathology. He had traveled to Seattle and Vancouver 3 years earlier and to Costa Rica 4 months prior to presentation. Phenotypic evidence showed that the fungal mass isolated from the patient's brain represented In agreement with the phenotypic results, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) provided genotypic evidence that assigned the infecting organism within the species complex and to the VGIIa clade. Whole-genome sequencing revealed >99.99% identity with the reference strain R265, indicating that the infecting strain is derived from the highly clonal outbreak strains in the PNW. We conclude that the patient acquired the infection during his travel to the region 3 years prior and that the infection was dormant for an extended period of time before causing disease. The patient tested positive for anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) autoantibodies, supporting earlier reports that implicate these autoantibodies as a risk factor associated with infection. Mortality rates associated with infections are estimated to be between 13% and 33%, depending on an individual's predisposition, and has caused at least 39 deaths in the PNW region. There have been four other international travel cases reported in patients from Europe and Asia with travel history to the PNW, but this report describes the first North American traveler who acquired infection presenting within the United States and the first case of a outbreak infection associated with anti-GM-CSF autoantibodies. Early and accurate diagnoses are important for disease prevention and treatment and for control of infectious diseases. Continual reporting of infections is necessary to raise awareness of the ongoing outbreak in the PNW and to alert travelers and physicians to the areas of endemicity with potential risks.

摘要

该地区涵盖太平洋西北地区(PNW)、温哥华岛、俄勒冈州和华盛顿州,自 20 世纪 90 年代以来一直发生持续爆发,有证据表明疫情正在沿着西海岸向加利福尼亚州蔓延。在这里,我们报告了一例来自北卡罗来纳州的 69 岁、HIV 阴性的男性临床病例,他通过磁共振成像(MRI)和病理学诊断为真菌性脑肿块。他在发病前 3 年前曾前往西雅图和温哥华,4 个月前前往哥斯达黎加。表型证据表明,从患者大脑中分离出的真菌团代表 与表型结果一致,多位点序列分型(MLST)提供了基因型证据,将感染的生物归属于 物种复合体,并归属于 VGIIa 分支。全基因组测序显示与参考菌株 R265 的相似度>99.99%,表明感染株源自 PNW 中高度克隆的暴发株。我们得出结论,患者在发病前 3 年前前往该地区旅行时感染了 ,并且在引起疾病之前,感染处于休眠状态很长一段时间。患者对粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)自身抗体呈阳性,这支持了更早的报告,这些报告表明这些自身抗体是与 感染相关的风险因素。据估计,与 感染相关的死亡率在 13%至 33%之间,具体取决于个体的易感性,并且在 PNW 地区已导致至少 39 人死亡。在来自欧洲和亚洲、有前往 PNW 旅行史的患者中,还报告了另外四例国际旅行病例,但本报告描述了首例在北美旅行者中出现的 感染病例,该旅行者在美国境内发病,以及首例与抗 GM-CSF 自身抗体相关的 暴发感染病例。早期和准确的诊断对于疾病预防和治疗以及传染病的控制非常重要。持续报告 感染病例对于提高对 PNW 地区持续爆发的认识以及提醒旅行者和医生注意具有潜在风险的地方至关重要。

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