Azienda AUSL, Regional Hospital of Aosta, Aosta, Italy; Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium.
Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy.
Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2019 Oct;142:35-43. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.07.011. Epub 2019 Jul 21.
Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) receptor and its ligands physiologically regulate the activity of the adaptive immune system to limit excessive inflammatory processes, thus preventing normal tissue damage. Tumor cells escape from the host immune surveillance using this pathway, rendering it relevant therapeutic target. Despite the relevant clinical efficacy observed in patients with solid and hematological malignancies, the clinical benefit of these novel treatments is limited to a relatively restricted number of patients. A wide amount of genomic and immune related features is currently under investigation as potential predictive biomarkers for treatment selection. The results obtained so far are encouraging but still imperfect. Combination strategies using different immunotherapeutic agents or with other treatments (such as chemotherapy) are being investigated, showing promising but still not completely satisfactory results. This review aims to shed light on the main principles of targeting PD-1 in breast cancer, from biology through its functional and clinical implications.
程序性细胞死亡受体 1（PD-1）及其配体在生理上调节适应性免疫系统的活性，以限制过度的炎症过程，从而防止正常组织损伤。肿瘤细胞利用该途径逃避宿主免疫监视，使其成为相关的治疗靶点。尽管在实体瘤和血液恶性肿瘤患者中观察到相关的临床疗效，但这些新疗法的临床获益仅限于相对有限数量的患者。目前正在研究大量与基因组和免疫相关的特征，作为治疗选择的潜在预测生物标志物。迄今为止获得的结果令人鼓舞，但仍不完善。正在研究使用不同免疫治疗药物或与其他治疗方法（如化疗）联合的策略，显示出有希望但仍不完全令人满意的结果。本文旨在从生物学及其功能和临床意义方面阐明 PD-1 在乳腺癌中的靶向治疗的主要原则。
