Kurata Shoichiro
Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
Mol Divers. 2006 Nov;10(4):599-605. doi: 10.1007/s11030-006-9032-6.
The elimination of infectious non-self by the host defense systems of multicellular organisms requires a variety of recognition and effector molecules. The diversity is generated in somatic cells or encoded in the germ-line. In adaptive immunity in jawed vertebrates, the diversity of immunoglobulins and antigen receptors is generated by gene rearrangements in somatic cells. In innate immunity, various effector molecules and pattern recognition receptors, such as antimicrobial peptides and peptidoglycan recognition proteins, are encoded in the germ-line of multicellular organisms, including insects and jawed vertebrates. In the present review, we discuss how insect host defense systems recognize and eliminate a multitude of microbes via germ-line-encoded molecules, including recent findings that a Drosophila member of the immunoglobulin superfamily is extensively diversified by alternative splicing in somatic immune cells and participates in the elimination of bacteria.
多细胞生物体的宿主防御系统清除感染性非自身物质需要多种识别分子和效应分子。这种多样性在体细胞中产生或由种系编码。在有颌脊椎动物的适应性免疫中，免疫球蛋白和抗原受体的多样性是由体细胞中的基因重排产生的。在先天免疫中，各种效应分子和模式识别受体，如抗菌肽和肽聚糖识别蛋白，是由包括昆虫和有颌脊椎动物在内的多细胞生物体的种系编码的。在本综述中，我们讨论昆虫宿主防御系统如何通过种系编码的分子识别和清除多种微生物，包括最近的发现：免疫球蛋白超家族的一个果蝇成员通过体细胞免疫细胞中的可变剪接而广泛多样化，并参与细菌的清除。
