Reader in Clinical Cancer Nursing, Ulster University, South Eastern Health & Social Care Trust, Upper Newtownards Rd, Belfast, BT16 1RH, N Ireland, UK.
Professor in Cancer Care, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK.
Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2019 Aug;41:126-134. doi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2019.05.006. Epub 2019 May 31.
Parents have a desire and need for instructive support from healthcare professionals on how best to communicate a cancer diagnosis with their dependent children. Healthcare professionals lack confidence to initiate and facilitate parent-child communication, reporting the need for training. To address the evident gap, this paper outlines the planning, development and testing phases of an e-learning intervention, using a person-based approach.
The planning and development phases combined evidence from reviews of qualitative and quantitative literature, an expert group and data generated from primary research of two focus groups with frontline oncology professionals (n = 23) to develop the e-learning intervention prototype. An iterative approach was adopted with 14 'think aloud' interviews for prototype usability testing, resulting in continuous movement between data collection, analysis and modification of the e-learning intervention.
Involving end-users throughout all phases of this process, optimised the intervention development. As a result, a communication framework on how healthcare professionals can initiate these conversations with parents was integrated, alongside role-play videos and original artwork by children expressing their views associated with parental cancer. During the testing phase, think-aloud interviews identified key navigational difficulties which were modified and resolved. Minor modifications were made to the content and 'look and feel' of screen pages.
The systematic and iterative, person-based approach, yielded important and complementary insights to enhance acceptability of the e-learning intervention. Providing a detailed description of the foundations that underpinned the development of this e-learning intervention, promotes transparency in the planning and design process, therefore aids methodological rigour.
家长希望并需要医护人员提供关于如何与依赖子女最佳沟通癌症诊断的指导支持。医护人员缺乏发起和促进亲子沟通的信心，报告需要培训。为了解决明显的差距，本文概述了使用基于人的方法的电子学习干预措施的规划、开发和测试阶段。
规划和开发阶段结合了对定性和定量文献、专家组以及来自两个一线肿瘤专业人员焦点小组（n=23）的初步研究中生成的数据的审查，以开发电子学习干预措施原型。采用迭代方法对原型进行了 14 次“大声思考”访谈，以测试原型的可用性，从而在数据收集、分析和修改电子学习干预措施之间不断进行。
在这个过程的所有阶段都让最终用户参与，优化了干预措施的开发。因此，整合了关于医护人员如何与家长发起这些对话的沟通框架，以及角色扮演视频和儿童原创艺术品，表达他们对父母癌症的看法。在测试阶段，“大声思考”访谈确定了关键的导航困难，这些困难得到了修改和解决。对内容和屏幕页面的“外观和感觉”进行了微小的修改。
系统和迭代的基于人的方法提供了重要且互补的见解，以提高电子学习干预措施的可接受性。详细描述了支持电子学习干预措施开发的基础，提高了规划和设计过程的透明度，从而有助于方法的严谨性。
