Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
J Muscle Res Cell Motil. 2019 Dec;40(3-4):291-297. doi: 10.1007/s10974-019-09548-4. Epub 2019 Jul 29.
Skeletal muscles are characterized by their unique regenerative capacity following injury due to the presence of muscle precursor cells, satellite cells. This characteristic allows researchers to study muscle regeneration using experimental injury models. These injury models should be stable and reproducible. Variety of injury models have been used, among which the intramuscular injection of myotoxic biotoxins is considered the most common and widespread method in muscle regeneration research. By using isolated biotoxins, researchers could induce acute muscle damage and regeneration in a controlled and reproducible manner. Therefore, it is considered an easy method for inducing muscle injury in order to understand the different mechanisms involved in muscle injuries and tissue response following injury. However, different toxins and venoms have different compositions and subsequently the possible effects of these toxins on skeletal muscle vary according to their composition. Moreover, regeneration of injured muscle by venoms and toxins varies according to the target of toxin or venom. Therefore, it is essential for researcher to be aware of the mechanism and possible target of toxin-induced injury. The current paper provides an overview of the biotoxins used in skeletal muscle research.
骨骼肌具有独特的再生能力，这是由于存在肌肉前体细胞，即卫星细胞。这一特性使得研究人员能够使用实验性损伤模型来研究肌肉再生。这些损伤模型应该是稳定且可重复的。已经使用了多种损伤模型，其中，肌肉内注射肌毒性生物毒素被认为是肌肉再生研究中最常见和广泛使用的方法。通过使用分离的生物毒素，研究人员可以以可控和可重复的方式诱导急性肌肉损伤和再生。因此，它被认为是一种诱导肌肉损伤的简单方法，以便了解肌肉损伤和损伤后组织反应中涉及的不同机制。然而，不同的毒素和毒液具有不同的组成，因此这些毒素对骨骼肌的可能影响会根据其组成而有所不同。此外，毒液和毒素对损伤肌肉的再生作用也因毒素或毒液的靶标而异。因此，研究人员必须了解毒素诱导损伤的机制和可能的靶标。本文概述了用于骨骼肌研究的生物毒素。
