Xu Yijun, Shi Zhe, Shi Xinyao, Zhang Kai, Zhang Han
Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
Nanoscale. 2019 Aug 8;11(31):14491-14527. doi: 10.1039/c9nr04348a.
Black phosphorus (BP), a novel two-dimensional (2D) layered semiconductor material, has attracted tremendous attention since 2014 due to its prominent carrier mobility, thickness-dependent direct bandgap and in-plane anisotropic physical properties. BP has been considered as a promising material for many applications, such as in transistors, photonics, optoelectronics, sensors, batteries and catalysis. However, the development of BP was hampered by its instability under ambient conditions, as well as by the lack of methods to synthesize large-area and high quality 2D nanofilms. Recently, some BP-analogue materials such as binary phosphides (MPx), transition metal phosphorus trichalcogenides (MPX3), and 2D group V (pnictogens) and 2D group VI materials have attracted increasing interest for their unique and stable structures, and excellent physical and chemical properties. This article, which focuses on BP and BP-analogue materials, will present their crystal structure, properties, synthesis methods and applications. Also the similarity and difference between BP and BP-analogue materials will be discussed, and the presentation of the future opportunities and challenges of the materials are included at the end.
黑磷（BP）是一种新型二维（2D）层状半导体材料，自2014年以来因其卓越的载流子迁移率、厚度依赖的直接带隙和面内各向异性物理性质而备受关注。黑磷被认为是一种在许多应用领域都很有前景的材料，如晶体管、光子学、光电子学、传感器、电池和催化等领域。然而，黑磷在环境条件下的不稳定性以及缺乏合成大面积高质量二维纳米薄膜的方法阻碍了其发展。最近，一些类黑磷材料，如二元磷化物（MPx）、过渡金属磷三卤化物（MPX3）以及二维第V族（氮族元素）和二维第VI族材料，因其独特稳定的结构以及优异的物理和化学性质而引起了越来越多的关注。本文聚焦于黑磷和类黑磷材料，将介绍它们的晶体结构、性质、合成方法及应用。此外，还将讨论黑磷和类黑磷材料之间的异同，并在文末阐述这些材料未来面临的机遇和挑战。
