1Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland.
2Icelandic Centre for Social Research and Analysis, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2019 Aug;22(8):535-542. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2019.0079. Epub 2019 Jul 30.
Adolescent use of social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat has increased dramatically over the last decade and now pervades their everyday social lives. Active and passive social media use may impact emotional health differently, but little is known about whether and to what extent either type of social media use influences emotional distress among young people. We analyzed population survey data collected from Icelandic adolescents ( = 10,563) to document the prevalence of social media use and investigate the relationship of both active and passive social media use with self-reported symptoms of anxiety and depressed mood. A hierarchical linear regression model revealed that passive social media use was related to greater symptoms of anxiety and depressed mood among adolescents and active social media use was related to decreased symptoms of anxiety and depressed mood, even after controlling for time spent on social media. When adding known risk and protective factors, self-esteem, offline peer support, poor body image, and social comparison to the model, active use was not related to emotional distress; however, passive use was still related to adolescent symptoms of anxiety and depressed mood. The effect of social media on emotional distress differed by gender as time spent on social media had a stronger relationship with emotional distress among girls. In addition, passive use was more strongly related to symptoms of depressed mood among girls. Future research should include risk and protective factors as mediators of different types of social media use and adolescent emotional distress.
青少年在过去十年中越来越频繁地使用社交媒体平台，如 Facebook、Instagram 和 Snapchat，这些平台如今已经充斥在他们的日常生活中。积极和被动使用社交媒体可能会对情绪健康产生不同的影响，但目前还不清楚这两种类型的社交媒体使用是否以及在何种程度上影响年轻人的情绪困扰。我们分析了冰岛青少年（ = 10,563）的人口调查数据，以记录社交媒体使用的普遍性，并研究积极和被动使用社交媒体与青少年自报告的焦虑和抑郁情绪症状之间的关系。分层线性回归模型显示，被动使用社交媒体与青少年焦虑和抑郁情绪症状加重有关，而积极使用社交媒体与焦虑和抑郁情绪症状减轻有关，即使在控制了社交媒体使用时间之后也是如此。当将已知的风险和保护因素，如自尊、线下同伴支持、不良身体形象和社会比较添加到模型中时，积极使用社交媒体与情绪困扰无关；然而，被动使用社交媒体仍然与青少年的焦虑和抑郁情绪症状有关。社交媒体对情绪困扰的影响因性别而异，因为社交媒体使用时间与女孩的情绪困扰之间的关系更强。此外，被动使用社交媒体与女孩的抑郁情绪症状之间的关系更为密切。未来的研究应该将风险和保护因素作为不同类型的社交媒体使用和青少年情绪困扰的中介因素。
