Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University , Lund , Sweden.
J Occup Environ Hyg. 2019 Sep;16(9):656-667. doi: 10.1080/15459624.2019.1643466. Epub 2019 Jul 30.
Cleaning workers are exposed to many risk factors, including handling of cleaning products. Epidemiological studies show that they have a high incidence of asthma and other respiratory symptoms. Some studies have indicated an even higher incidence of asthma in individuals using cleaning sprays regularly. It is known that sprays produce an aerosol that can expose the respiratory system to chemicals. Knowledge of the physical characteristics of the airborne particles, as well as the characteristics of the gas phase, is needed to determine how they affect the respiratory tract and why they cause airway symptoms. The aim of this study was to characterize the aerosols from seven different ready-to-use trigger cleaning sprays in terms of total airborne mass fraction, particle size distribution, and new particle formation from ozone reactions. An additional aim was to calculate the respiratory deposition fraction of the measured particles. The total airborne mass fraction was determined by comparing the mass deposited on the chamber wall with the mass emitted from the bottle during spraying. Particle number concentration and size distribution of the airborne particles were measured using an aerodynamic particle sizer and a fast aerosol mobility size spectrometer. The total airborne mass fraction was between 2.7% and 32.2% of the mass emitted from the bottle, depending on the product. Between 0.0001% and 0.01% of the total airborne mass fraction consisted of residual particles. However, these particles had a mass median aerodynamic diameter between 1.9 µm and 3.7 µm, constituting a total respiratory deposition of up to 77%. New particle formation in the presence of ozone was also shown to vary between 5,000 cm and 35,000 cm depending on the product, in the studied settings. These findings confirm that a substantial part (up to 1/3) of the mass sprayed from the bottle does not reach the intended surface. Thus, the use of cleaning sprays can result in chemical airway exposure, with particles in the relevant size range for both nasal and alveolar deposition.
清洁工人面临许多风险因素，包括处理清洁产品。流行病学研究表明，他们哮喘和其他呼吸道症状的发病率很高。一些研究表明，经常使用清洁喷雾的人哮喘发病率甚至更高。众所周知，喷雾会产生气溶胶，使呼吸系统暴露于化学物质中。为了确定它们如何影响呼吸道以及为什么会引起气道症状，需要了解空气传播颗粒的物理特性以及气相特性。本研究的目的是描述七种不同即用型触发式清洁喷雾的气溶胶，包括总空气传播质量分数、颗粒尺寸分布以及臭氧反应引起的新粒子形成。另一个目的是计算所测量颗粒的呼吸沉积分数。总空气传播质量分数通过将沉积在腔室壁上的质量与喷雾过程中从瓶中喷出的质量进行比较来确定。使用空气动力学颗粒粒径仪和快速气溶胶迁移率粒径谱仪测量空气传播颗粒的颗粒数浓度和尺寸分布。总空气传播质量分数取决于产品，在从瓶中喷出的质量的 2.7%至 32.2%之间。总空气传播质量分数的 0.0001%至 0.01%由残留颗粒组成。然而，这些颗粒的质量中值空气动力学直径在 1.9 µm 至 3.7 µm 之间，总呼吸沉积量高达 77%。在研究的条件下，臭氧存在时的新粒子形成也表现出在 5000 cm 至 35000 cm 之间的变化，具体取决于产品。这些发现证实，从瓶中喷出的质量中相当一部分（高达 1/3）并未到达预期的表面。因此，使用清洁喷雾可能会导致化学性气道暴露，颗粒处于鼻腔和肺泡沉积的相关尺寸范围内。
