Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA.
Department of Special Education, Rehabilitation, and Counseling, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
J Sleep Res. 2020 Jun;29(3):e12897. doi: 10.1111/jsr.12897. Epub 2019 Jul 30.
Prior work has demonstrated that greater community violence concerns are associated with poor sleep quality among adolescents. However, these effects may not be uniform across all youth. The present study examined the role of individual difference variables, physiological regulation and race, as moderators of risk in the relation between adolescents' community violence concerns and their sleep. Adolescents (N = 219; 55.3% female; 69.9% White/European American, 30.1% Black/African American) participated in the study when they were 18 years old (M = 17.7 years, SD = 1.0). Physiological regulation was assessed via respiratory sinus arrhythmia, a measure of parasympathetic regulation, at rest and in response to a stressor. Adolescents wore actigraphs for 7 nights to assess their sleep duration and quality, and reported on their community violence concerns via a well-validated questionnaire. Results demonstrated a consistent pattern of interactions, such that African American adolescents who showed less adaptive patterns of regulating physiological arousal experienced shorter sleep duration and poorer sleep quality in the context of greater community violence concerns. Community violence concerns were not associated with sleep for White adolescents. The findings may suggest that race-related stressors exacerbate risk for poor sleep among African American adolescents who experience more community violence concerns and have more difficulty regulating physiological arousal. Coping strategies for managing stress and arousal may be helpful for improving sleep for some youth.
先前的研究表明，青少年对社区暴力的担忧与睡眠质量差有关。然而，这些影响在所有年轻人中可能并不一致。本研究考察了个体差异变量、生理调节和种族在青少年社区暴力担忧与睡眠之间关系中的风险调节作用。当青少年年满 18 岁（M=17.7 岁，SD=1.0 岁）时，他们参加了这项研究（N=219；55.3%为女性；69.9%为白种人/欧洲裔美国人，30.1%为黑种人/非裔美国人）。通过呼吸窦性心律失常（一种副交感神经调节的测量方法）在休息和应激反应时评估生理调节。青少年佩戴活动记录仪 7 晚以评估他们的睡眠时长和质量，并通过经过充分验证的问卷报告他们对社区暴力的担忧。研究结果表明存在一致的相互作用模式，例如，在社区暴力担忧程度较高的情况下，表现出适应性较差的生理唤醒调节模式的非裔美国青少年的睡眠持续时间较短，睡眠质量较差。对于白种人青少年来说，社区暴力的担忧与睡眠无关。这些发现可能表明，与种族相关的压力源会加剧非裔美国青少年的睡眠风险，这些青少年经历了更多的社区暴力担忧，并且在调节生理唤醒方面更困难。管理压力和唤醒的应对策略可能有助于改善一些年轻人的睡眠。
