Siriyasatien Padet, Intayot Proawpilart, Sawaswong Vorthon, Preativatanyou Kanok, Wacharapluesadee Supaporn, Boonserm Rungfar, Sor-Suwan Sriwatapron, Ayuyoe Pattama, Cantos-Barreda Ana, Phumee Atchara
Center of Excellence in Vector Biology and Vector Borne Diseases, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Pharmaceutical Ingredient Research Group, Research and Development Institute, The Government Pharmaceutical Organization, Bangkok, Thailand.
Heliyon. 2023 Jan 26;9(2):e13255. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13255. eCollection 2023 Feb.
Filariasis is classified as a vector-borne zoonotic disease caused by several filarial nematodes. The disease is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Understanding the relationship between mosquito vectors, filarial parasites, and vertebrate hosts is therefore essential for determining the probability of disease transmission and, correspondingly, developing effective strategies for prevention and control of diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the infection of zoonotic filarial nematodes in field-caught mosquitoes, observe the potential vectors of filaria parasites in Thailand using a molecular-based survey, conduct a study of host-parasite relationship, and propose possible coevolution of the parasites and their hosts. Mosquitoes were collected around cattle farms in Bangkok, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Ratchaburi, and Lampang provinces from May to December 2021 using a CDC Backpack aspirator for 20-30 minutes in each area (intra-, peri-, and wild environment). All mosquitoes were identified and morphologically dissected to demonstrate the live larvae of the filarial nematode. Furthermore, all samples were tested for filarial infections using PCR and sequencing. A total of 1,273 adult female mosquitoes consisted of five species: 37.78% , 22.47% , 4.71% , 19.72% , and 15.32% . Larvae of and were found in and mosquitoes, respectively. All mosquito samples were processed by PCR of and genes for filaria nematode species identification. Both genes showed that was found in four mosquitoes of from Nakhon Si Thammarat, was detected in three samples of from Lampang, and was detected in one of from Ratchaburi. However, filarial nematodes were not found in all species. This study infers that this is the first data regarding the circulation of parasites in spp. from Thailand. The phylogenetic trees of the hosts and parasites are congruent. Moreover, the data could be used to develop more effective prevention and control strategies for zoonotic filarial nematodes before they spread in Thailand.
丝虫病被归类为由几种丝虫线虫引起的媒介传播人畜共患病。该病广泛分布于热带和亚热带地区。因此，了解蚊媒、丝虫寄生虫和脊椎动物宿主之间的关系对于确定疾病传播的可能性以及相应地制定有效的疾病预防和控制策略至关重要。在本研究中，我们旨在调查野外捕获的蚊子中动物源性丝虫线虫的感染情况，通过基于分子的调查观察泰国丝虫寄生虫的潜在媒介，开展宿主-寄生虫关系研究，并提出寄生虫及其宿主可能的共同进化情况。2021年5月至12月，使用疾控中心背包式吸气器在曼谷、那空是贪玛叻、叻丕和南邦府的养牛场周围采集蚊子，每个区域（场内、周边和野外环境）采集20 - 30分钟。对所有蚊子进行鉴定并进行形态学解剖，以展示丝虫线虫的活幼虫。此外，所有样本均使用PCR和测序检测丝虫感染情况。总共1273只成年雌蚊分属五个物种：分别占37.78%、22.47%、4.71%、19.72%和15.32%。分别在 和 蚊子中发现了 和 的幼虫。所有蚊子样本均通过PCR扩增 和 基因进行丝虫线虫物种鉴定。两个基因均显示，在来自那空是贪玛叻的四只 蚊子中发现了 ，在来自南邦的三只 样本中检测到了 ，在来自叻丕的一只 中检测到了 。然而，并非在所有 物种中都发现了丝虫线虫。本研究推断，这是关于泰国 属物种中 寄生虫传播的首份数据。宿主和寄生虫的系统发育树是一致的。此外，这些数据可用于在动物源性丝虫线虫在泰国传播之前制定更有效的预防和控制策略。
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