Brinkkemper Mitch, Sliepen Kwinten
Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Vaccines (Basel). 2019 Jul 29;7(3):76. doi: 10.3390/vaccines7030076.
The enormous sequence diversity between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains poses a major roadblock for generating a broadly protective vaccine. Many experimental HIV-1 vaccine efforts are therefore aimed at eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) that are capable of neutralizing the majority of circulating HIV-1 strains. The envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer on the viral membrane is the sole target of bNAbs and the key component of vaccination approaches aimed at eliciting bNAbs. Multimeric presentation of Env on nanoparticles often plays a critical role in these strategies. Here, we will discuss the different aspects of nanoparticles in Env vaccination, including recent insights in immunological processes underlying their perceived advantages, the different nanoparticle platforms and the various immunogenicity studies that employed nanoparticles to improve (neutralizing) antibody responses against Env.
1型人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）毒株之间巨大的序列多样性，为研发具有广泛保护作用的疫苗构成了重大障碍。因此，许多HIV-1疫苗的实验工作都旨在诱导出能够中和大多数流行HIV-1毒株的广泛中和抗体（bNAbs）。病毒膜上的包膜糖蛋白（Env）三聚体是bNAbs的唯一靶点，也是旨在诱导bNAbs的疫苗接种方法的关键组成部分。Env在纳米颗粒上的多聚体呈现在这些策略中往往起着关键作用。在此，我们将讨论纳米颗粒在Env疫苗接种中的不同方面，包括对其公认优势背后免疫过程的最新见解、不同的纳米颗粒平台，以及利用纳米颗粒改善针对Env的（中和）抗体反应的各种免疫原性研究。
