Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA.
Health Psychol Rev. 2020 Sep;14(3):345-393. doi: 10.1080/17437199.2019.1650290. Epub 2019 Aug 11.
Mindfulness is defined as bringing one's attention to present-moment experience with acceptance, and is associated with engagement in various health behaviours. To synthesise and evaluate this literature, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analytic review and examined (a) the associations between trait mindfulness and health behaviours and (b) the extent to which these associations were moderated by study and individual differences. A total of 125 independent samples were included (31,697 median male percentage = 38.8%, median age = 28.3). A multilevel random-effects model was used to estimate summary study-level effect sizes, and multilevel mixed-effects models were used to examine moderator effects. Mindfulness had a positive and small association with aggregated health behaviours (.08). Mindfulness was positively associated with physical activity, healthy eating, and sleep (08-.14, and negatively associated with alcohol use (= -.06). Effects were larger for health promoting behaviours, the acting with awareness facet of mindfulness, and samples involving psychiatric patients. Although findings indicate that individual differences in trait mindfulness do not reliably translate into a pattern of healthful behaviours in general, trait mindfulness shows a stronger associations with health behaviours under certain conditions.
正念被定义为带着接纳将注意力集中在当下的体验上，并且与参与各种健康行为有关。为了综合和评估这一文献，我们进行了全面的元分析综述，并考察了（a）特质正念与健康行为之间的关联，以及（b）这些关联在多大程度上受到研究和个体差异的调节。共纳入了 125 个独立样本（31697 名男性中位数百分比=38.8%，中位数年龄=28.3 岁）。采用多层次随机效应模型估计综合研究水平的效应大小，采用多层次混合效应模型检验调节效应。正念与综合健康行为呈正相关且较小（0.08）。正念与身体活动、健康饮食和睡眠呈正相关（0.08-0.14），与饮酒呈负相关（=-.06）。对于促进健康的行为、正念的觉察行动方面以及涉及精神科患者的样本，效应更大。尽管研究结果表明，特质正念的个体差异并不一定能可靠地转化为一般的健康行为模式，但在某些情况下，特质正念与健康行为的关联更强。
