Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Instituto Oftalmológico Gómez-Ulla, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Curr Med Chem. 2020;27(4):583-598. doi: 10.2174/0929867326666190726121711.
Age-related macular degeneration is an acquired degenerative disease that is responsible for severe loss of vision in elderly people. There are two types: dry age-related macular degeneration and wet age-related macular degeneration. Its treatment has been improved and tries to be tailored in the future. The aim of this review is to summarize the pharmacological advances in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration. Regarding dry AMD, there is no effective treatment to reduce its progression. However, some molecules such as lampalizumab and eculizumab were under investigation, although they have shown low efficacy. Herein, in an attempt to prevent dry AMD progression, the most important studies suggested increasing the antioxidants intake and quitting the smoke habit. On the other hand, wet AMD has more developed treatment. Nowadays, the gold standard treatment is anti-VEGF injections. However, more effective molecules are currently under investigation. There are different molecules under research for dry AMD and wet AMD. This fact could help us treat our patients with more effective and lasting drugs but more clinical trials and safety studies are required in order to achieve an optimal treatment.
年龄相关性黄斑变性是一种获得性退行性疾病，可导致老年人严重视力丧失。有两种类型：干性年龄相关性黄斑变性和湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性。其治疗方法已经得到改善，并试图在未来进行个体化治疗。本综述的目的是总结年龄相关性黄斑变性治疗的药理学进展。对于干性 AMD，目前尚无有效方法可阻止其进展。然而，一些分子如拉帕珠单抗和依库珠单抗正在研究中，尽管它们的疗效较低。在此，为了预防干性 AMD 的进展，最重要的研究建议增加抗氧化剂的摄入和戒烟。另一方面，湿性 AMD 的治疗方法更为成熟。目前，金标准治疗是抗 VEGF 注射。但是，目前正在研究更有效的分子。对于干性 AMD 和湿性 AMD，都有不同的分子在研究中。这一事实可以帮助我们用更有效和持久的药物治疗我们的患者，但为了达到最佳治疗效果，还需要更多的临床试验和安全性研究。
