Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri", Via Appia Nuova, 1411, Rome, Italy.
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy.
Environ Monit Assess. 2019 Jul 30;191(8):526. doi: 10.1007/s10661-019-7653-3.
Biomonitoring has been used to disclose the public health impact of contaminated sites. This study aimed at setting up good practices to apply biomonitoring targeting animal matrixes to design risk-based surveillance and exposure assessment plans. A nine-step protocol targeting farmed animals was devised and tested in three case study areas including (1) a waste dump, (2) a waste incinerator, and (3) a secondary aluminum smelter. Between 2010 and 2012, in each study area, the following 9-step best practices were applied: hazard identification, GIS project creation, risk area delimitation, control area selection, receptors (livestock) identification, farms and matrixes selection, sampling study design, on-farm secondary sources exclusion, and statistical and geostatistical analysis. Dairy farms and free-range laying hens were the primary targets: eggs from both risk and control areas and milk from risk areas were sampled and submitted for detection of selected tracking contaminants compatible with the putative sources. Comparison data (risk vs. control) of heavy metal concentrations in eggs were available only for case study 2, whereas egg comparison data of persistent organic pollutants were available for all the risk-control pairs. After taking into account potential secondary sources, no concern from metals was arisen, whereas high concentrations of persistent organic pollutants were detected in all risk areas; however, only for the aluminum smelter case study, the contamination was broad and higher in the risk area compared with the control one. The protocol has proved to be easily applicable and flexible to varying contexts and able to provide helpful data to inform risk management decisions.
生物监测被用于揭示受污染场地对公众健康的影响。本研究旨在制定良好的实践方法，应用针对动物基质的生物监测来设计基于风险的监测和暴露评估计划。针对养殖动物设计了一个九步方案，并在三个案例研究区域进行了测试，包括（1）垃圾场、（2）垃圾焚烧炉和（3）二次铝冶炼厂。在 2010 年至 2012 年期间，在每个研究区域中，都应用了以下 9 个最佳实践步骤：危害识别、GIS 项目创建、风险区域划定、控制区域选择、受体（牲畜）识别、农场和基质选择、采样研究设计、农场内二次源排除以及统计和地质统计学分析。奶牛场和散养蛋鸡是主要目标：从风险区和对照区采集鸡蛋，并从风险区采集牛奶，用于检测与假定来源相匹配的选定追踪污染物。仅对案例研究 2 提供了重金属浓度在鸡蛋中的比较数据（风险与对照），而所有风险对照组都提供了持久性有机污染物的鸡蛋比较数据。在考虑到潜在的二次源后，金属没有引起关注，而在所有风险区都检测到了持久性有机污染物的高浓度；然而，仅在铝冶炼厂案例研究中，污染范围广泛，风险区的污染程度高于对照区。该方案已被证明易于应用且灵活适用于不同的情况，并能提供有帮助的数据来为风险管理决策提供信息。
