Río Seco Natural History Museum (MHNRS), Cataratas del Niágara 01316, 6210358, Punta Arenas, Región de Magallanes, Chile.
College of Agriculture and Forest Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7810000, Macul, Santiago, Chile.
Ambio. 2020 Apr;49(4):986-999. doi: 10.1007/s13280-019-01232-8. Epub 2019 Jul 30.
Ecotonal zones between eastern semi-arid steppes and Nothofagus spp. forests in western Patagonia are the result of broad ecosystem changes, which have intensified in the last 140 years. Our objectives were to determine historical changes in land use, land cover, and forces driving such changes in Nothofagus ecosystems in the Río Verde district in southern Chile, to support future management recommendations. This interdisciplinary study used historical records including scientific and military expeditions, Landsat imagery, and other archival sources. Forest cover changed radically between the late nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries, from subsistence use by indigenous peoples, to forestry and livestock industries. The main driving forces of landscape change have been anthropogenic forest fires, logging, exotic pasture establishment, and mining. Future perspectives suggest that conserving the cultural values and natural resources of this region will depend on ecologically sound landscape planning, reversing forest fragmentation, restoring riparian corridors, and preserving indigenous archaeological sites.
巴塔哥尼亚西部，处于东部半干旱草原与南方山毛榉林之间的生态交错带是广泛的生态系统变化的结果，这种变化在过去 140 年里愈演愈烈。本研究的目的是确定智利南部里维耶拉地区南方山毛榉生态系统的土地利用、土地覆盖变化历史及其驱动力，以支持未来的管理建议。本跨学科研究使用了历史记录，包括科学和军事考察、陆地卫星图像和其他档案资料。森林覆盖在 19 世纪末至 20 世纪中叶发生了根本性的变化，从原住民的生计利用，转变为林业和畜牧业。景观变化的主要驱动力是人为林火、伐木、外来牧场的建立和采矿。未来展望表明，保护该地区的文化价值和自然资源将取决于生态合理的景观规划，包括逆转森林破碎化、恢复河岸走廊和保护土著考古遗址。
