Lyon Arboretum and School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Av. Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galápagos, Ecuador.
Sci Rep. 2022 Aug 4;12(1):13452. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-16542-3.
Reversing large-scale habitat degradation and deforestation goes beyond what can be achieved by site-level ecological restoration and a landscape ecology perspective is fundamental. Here we assess the relative importance of tree cover and its configuration on forest-dependent birds and late-successional tree seedlings in restoration sites in southern Costa Rica. The abundance and species richness of birds increased in landscapes with more corridors, higher tree cover, and lower levels of fragmentation, highlighting the importance of riparian corridors for connectivity, and continuous tree cover as suitable habitat. Landscape variables affected abundance and species richness of seedlings similarly, but effects were weaker, possibly because seedlings face establishment limitation in addition to dispersal limitation. Moreover, the scale of landscape effects on seedlings was small, likely because proximal individual trees can significantly influence recruitment in restoration plots. Results underscore the importance of incorporating landscape-level metrics to restoration projects, as knowing the extent, and how the landscape may affect restoration outcomes can help to infer what kind of species will arrive to restoration plots.
扭转大规模的生境退化和森林砍伐，超出了基于场地的生态恢复所能实现的范围，而景观生态学的观点则是基础。在这里，我们评估了树木覆盖及其配置对哥斯达黎加南部恢复区依赖森林鸟类和后成树幼苗的相对重要性。在具有更多走廊、更高树木覆盖和更低破碎化水平的景观中，鸟类的数量和物种丰富度增加，突出了河岸走廊对连通性的重要性，以及连续的树木覆盖作为适宜栖息地的重要性。景观变量对幼苗的数量和物种丰富度也有类似的影响，但效果较弱，这可能是因为幼苗除了扩散限制外，还面临着建立限制。此外，景观对幼苗的影响规模较小，可能是因为邻近的个体树木会显著影响恢复区的幼苗更新。研究结果强调了将景观水平指标纳入恢复项目的重要性，因为了解景观的范围以及可能如何影响恢复结果，可以帮助推断哪些物种将到达恢复区。
