Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine (SATiM), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 88, Italia St., Tehran, Iran.
Department of Biology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
Neurotox Res. 2020 Jan;37(1):156-170. doi: 10.1007/s12640-019-00088-w. Epub 2019 Jul 30.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by selective loss of dopaminergic neurons that project from the substantia nigra pars compacta to the striatum. Evidence from human and animal studies has suggested that oxidative damage critically contributes to neuronal loss in PD. Carvacrol (CAR), a monoterpenic phenol, is the main constituents in the essential oil of many aromatic plants and possesses some properties including anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. In this study, in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed with the CAR in order to investigate its potential neuroprotective effects in models of PD. Post-treatment with CAR in vitro was found to protect rat adrenal pheochromocytoma PC12 cells from toxicity induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) administration in a dose-dependent manner by (1) increasing cell viability and (2) reduction in intracellular reactive oxygen species, intracellular lipid peroxidation, and annexin-positive cells. In vivo, post-treatment with CAR (15 and 20 mg/kg) was protective against neurodegenerative phenotypes associated with systemic administration of 6-OHDA. Results indicated that CAR improved the locomotor activity, catalepsy, akinesia, bradykinesia, and motor coordination and reduced the apomorphine-caused rotation in 6-OHDA-stimulated rats. Increased level of reduced glutathione content and a decreased level of MDA (malondialdehyde) were observed in the 6-OHDA rats post-treated with CAR. These findings suggest that CAR exerts protective effects, possibly related to an anti-oxidation mechanism, in these in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson's disease.
帕金森病（PD）是一种进行性神经退行性运动障碍，其特征是从中脑黑质致密部投射到纹状体的多巴胺能神经元选择性丧失。来自人类和动物研究的证据表明，氧化损伤对 PD 中的神经元丧失起着至关重要的作用。香芹酚（CAR）是许多芳香植物精油的主要成分，具有一些特性，包括抗炎和抗氧化作用。在这项研究中，通过 CAR 进行了体外和体内实验，以研究其在 PD 模型中潜在的神经保护作用。体外 CAR 后处理发现，通过（1）增加细胞活力和（2）减少细胞内活性氧、细胞内脂质过氧化和膜联蛋白阳性细胞，以剂量依赖的方式保护大鼠肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤 PC12 细胞免受 6-羟多巴胺（6-OHDA）给药引起的毒性。在体内，CAR（15 和 20mg/kg）后处理对与全身给予 6-OHDA 相关的神经退行性表型具有保护作用。结果表明，CAR 改善了运动活动、僵住、运动不能、运动徐缓以及运动协调，并减少了 6-OHDA 刺激大鼠引起的阿扑吗啡旋转。在 CAR 后处理的 6-OHDA 大鼠中，观察到还原型谷胱甘肽含量增加，丙二醛（MDA）水平降低。这些发现表明，CAR 在这些体外和体内 PD 模型中发挥保护作用，可能与抗氧化机制有关。
