Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2019 Nov;38(11):2436-2446. doi: 10.1002/etc.4552. Epub 2019 Oct 3.
We describe initial development of microarray-based assays for detecting 4 pyrethroid pesticides (bifenthrin, cypermethrin, esfenvalerate, and permethrin) in water. To facilitate comparison of transcriptional responses with gross apical responses, we estimated concentration-mortality curves for these pyrethroids using flow-through exposures of newly hatched Daphnia magna, Pimephales promelas adults, and 24 h posthatch P. promelas. Median lethal concentration (LC50) estimates were below most reported values, perhaps attributable to the use of flow-through exposures or of measured rather than nominal concentrations. Microarray analysis of whole P. promelas larvae and brains from exposed P. promelas adults showed that assays using either tissue type can detect these pyrethroids at concentrations below LC50 values reported for between 72 and 96% of aquatic species, depending on the pesticide. These estimates are conservative because they correspond to the lowest concentrations tested. This suggests that the simpler and less expensive whole-larval assay provides adequate sensitivity for screening contexts where acute aquatic lethality is observed, but the responsible agent is not known. Gene set analysis (GSA) highlighted several Gene Ontology (GO) terms consistent with known pyrethroid action, but the implications of other GO terms are less clear. Exploration of the sensitivity of results to changes in data processing suggests robustness of the detection assay results, but GSA results were sensitive to methodological variations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2436-2446. Published 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work, and as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
我们描述了基于微阵列的检测方法，用于检测水中的 4 种拟除虫菊酯农药（联苯菊酯、氯菊酯、乙氰菊酯和氯菊酯）。为了便于将转录反应与总顶反应进行比较，我们使用新孵化的大型溞、褐菖鲉成体和孵化后 24 小时的褐菖鲉进行流动暴露，估算了这些拟除虫菊酯的浓度-死亡率曲线。中浓度估计值低于大多数报道值，这可能归因于使用流动暴露或测量而不是名义浓度。暴露于拟除虫菊酯的褐菖鲉幼虫和大脑的全基因组芯片分析表明，使用任何一种组织类型的检测方法都可以在低于 72%至 96%水生物种报告的 LC50 值的浓度下检测到这些拟除虫菊酯，具体取决于农药。这些估计值是保守的，因为它们对应于测试的最低浓度。这表明，对于观察到急性水生致死的筛选情况，更简单、更经济的全幼虫检测方法提供了足够的灵敏度，但不知道责任代理。基因集分析（GSA）突出了几个与已知拟除虫菊酯作用一致的基因本体论（GO）术语，但其他 GO 术语的含义不太清楚。对数据处理变化的结果敏感性的探索表明检测检测方法结果具有稳健性，但 GSA 结果对方法学变化敏感。环境毒理化学 2019；38:2436-2446。2019 年 Wiley 期刊出版公司代表 SETAC 出版。本文是美国政府的工作，因此在美国属于公有领域。
