M. Ju is assistant professor of pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California. S.M. van Schaik is professor of pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Acad Med. 2019 Nov;94(11S Association of American Medical Colleges Learn Serve Lead: Proceedings of the 58th Annual Research in Medical Education Sessions):S42-S47. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000002925.
To examine the impact of professional background and gender of a resuscitation team leader on residents' perceptions of leadership skills.
The authors video-recorded a scripted, simulated resuscitation scenario twice, with either a male or a female team leader. They copied each video and labeled the leader as physician (MD) or nurse practitioner (NP), creating 4 conditions: female NP, female MD, male NP, or male MD. The authors recruited resident participants from 5 specialties at 4 institutions; they randomly assigned residents to view one version of the video and rate the team leader's performance using the Ottawa Crisis Resource Management Global Rating Scale (Ottawa CRM) in an online survey. The authors conducted 2-way ANOVA to examine interactions between team leader gender and profession on Ottawa CRM ratings.
One hundred sixty residents responded (89 females, 71 males). A statistically significant main effect of team leader gender on residents' ratings was found in 2 of the 6 Ottawa CRM domains, leadership (F1,156 = 6.97, P = .009) and communication skills (F1,156 = 8.53, P = .004), due to lower ratings for female than male leaders (5.29 ± 0.95 vs 5.74 ± 1.17; 5.05 ± 1.20 vs 5.57 ± 1.06). There was no effect of profession on ratings and no significant interaction between profession and gender of the team leader on ratings for any of the domains.
These findings indicate bias among residents against females as team leaders. Mitigating such bias is essential to successfully establish shared leadership models in health care.
考察复苏团队领导者的专业背景和性别对住院医师领导力认知的影响。
作者两次录制了一个脚本化的模拟复苏场景，领导者分别为男性或女性。他们复制了每个视频，并将领导者标记为医生（MD）或护士从业者（NP），创建了 4 种条件：女性 NP、女性 MD、男性 NP 和男性 MD。作者从 4 家机构的 5 个专业招募了住院医师参与者；他们将住院医师随机分配观看视频的一个版本，并使用渥太华危机资源管理全球评分量表（Ottawa CRM）在在线调查中对团队领导者的表现进行评分。作者进行了 2 因素方差分析，以检验团队领导者性别和专业对 Ottawa CRM 评分的交互作用。
160 名住院医师做出了回应（女性 89 名，男性 71 名）。在 Ottawa CRM 的 6 个领域中的 2 个领域中，领导者（F1,156 = 6.97，P =.009）和沟通技巧（F1,156 = 8.53，P =.004），团队领导者的性别对住院医师的评分有统计学显著的主效应，这是由于女性领导者的评分低于男性领导者（5.29 ± 0.95 与 5.74 ± 1.17；5.05 ± 1.20 与 5.57 ± 1.06）。专业对评分没有影响，团队领导者的专业和性别之间也没有显著的相互作用对任何领域的评分都没有影响。
这些发现表明，住院医师对女性作为团队领导者存在偏见。减轻这种偏见对于在医疗保健中成功建立共享领导模式至关重要。
