Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Respiratory Medicine & Allergology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Curr Opin Support Palliat Care. 2019 Sep;13(3):161-166. doi: 10.1097/SPC.0000000000000448.
Experienced breathlessness and recalled breathlessness are two different entities, which may be associated with different factors and might have different impacts on function for the individual. The aim was to review the knowledge from the last 2 years concerning experienced breathlessness and recalled breathlessness and related factors.
Experienced breathlessness was most often induced or measured during exercise testing in a lab environment using a modified Borg scale. It was associated with both psychological factors, such as social rejection, presence of others, psychosocial stress and prenatal exposure to stress, as well as physical factors, such as hypoxia and frequent exacerbations.Recalled breathlessness was most often measured in epidemiological studies, most commonly using the modified Medical Research Council scale. It was associated with lung volumes, overweight, exercise training, frailty, smoking, personality traits, behavior and marital and occupational status.
No studies during the review period had directly compared experienced breathlessness and recalled breathlessness. Several factors were related to either experienced breathlessness or recalled breathlessness but no clear differences between factors were found in this review. There is a need for comparative studies using the same measurement methods and in the same settings in order to examine their relation.
有经验的呼吸困难和回忆性呼吸困难是两种不同的实体，它们可能与不同的因素有关，并且可能对个体的功能有不同的影响。目的是回顾过去 2 年中关于有经验的呼吸困难和回忆性呼吸困难以及相关因素的知识。
有经验的呼吸困难在实验室环境中使用改良的 Borg 量表进行运动测试时最常被诱发或测量。它与心理因素（如社会排斥、他人在场、心理社会压力和产前暴露于压力）以及身体因素（如缺氧和频繁恶化）有关。回忆性呼吸困难最常用于流行病学研究，最常用的是改良的医学研究委员会量表。它与肺容积、超重、运动训练、虚弱、吸烟、人格特质、行为以及婚姻和职业状况有关。
在综述期间，没有研究直接比较有经验的呼吸困难和回忆性呼吸困难。有几个因素与有经验的呼吸困难或回忆性呼吸困难有关，但在本综述中没有发现这些因素之间有明显的区别。需要使用相同的测量方法和相同的设置进行比较研究，以检查它们之间的关系。
