Baiju Radhamoni Madhavan Pillai, Peter Elbe, Nayar Bindu Radhakrishnan, Varughese Jolly Mary, Varghese Nettiyat Ommen
Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College, Kotttayam, Kerala, India.
Department of Orthodontics, Government Dental College, Kotttayam, Kerala, India.
J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2019 Jul-Aug;23(4):356-361. doi: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_512_18.
Periodic estimation of periodontal disease burden is essential for formulating new treatment strategies, for evaluating preventive strategies, and for framing of new policies. The previous national-level survey among adolescents was held 15 years ago. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of periodontal disease among older adolescent students and to analyze its predictors as part of an oral health assessment survey conducted in Kerala.
A multistage cluster sampling was employed among five districts of Kerala to examine 1065 students in the age group of 15-18 years from government and private schools of selected urban and rural areas. Sociodemographic and oral health behavioral data, modified Community Periodontal Index, Oral Hygiene Index Simplified, and Dental Aesthetic Index were taken. Descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done to identify the predictors of gingival bleeding and periodontal pockets.
The prevalence of gingival bleeding, periodontal pockets, and loss of attachment was 42%, 13.4%, and 2.7%, respectively. In the adjusted multivariate model for predictors of gingival bleeding, rural location of residence, studying in government schools, high mother's education and their working status, orthodontic treatment need, oral hygiene frequency, and poor oral hygiene status emerged as significant predictors of gingival bleeding. In the multivariate model for periodontal pockets, bleeding on probing emerged as the strongest predictor with an odds ratio of 12.85 when adjusted to poor oral hygiene.
The prevalence of early periodontal disease among adolescents is significant. Sociodemographic factors, poor oral hygiene, and malocclusion are significant predictors for periodontal disease among adolescents.
定期评估牙周疾病负担对于制定新的治疗策略、评估预防策略以及制定新政策至关重要。上一次全国性青少年调查是在15年前进行的。本研究的目的是评估年龄较大的青少年学生中牙周疾病的患病率，并分析其预测因素，作为在喀拉拉邦进行的口腔健康评估调查的一部分。
在喀拉拉邦的五个区采用多阶段整群抽样方法，对来自选定城乡地区的政府和私立学校的1065名15 - 18岁学生进行检查。收集社会人口统计学和口腔健康行为数据、改良社区牙周指数、简化口腔卫生指数和牙齿美学指数。进行描述性统计以及双变量和多变量逻辑回归分析，以确定牙龈出血和牙周袋的预测因素。
牙龈出血、牙周袋和附着丧失的患病率分别为42%、13.4%和2.7%。在牙龈出血预测因素的调整多变量模型中，农村居住地点、在政府学校就读、母亲受教育程度高及其工作状态、正畸治疗需求、口腔卫生频率以及不良口腔卫生状况是牙龈出血的显著预测因素。在牙周袋的多变量模型中，探诊出血是最强的预测因素，在调整不良口腔卫生因素后，比值比为12.85。
青少年早期牙周疾病的患病率较高。社会人口统计学因素、不良口腔卫生和错牙合畸形是青少年牙周疾病的重要预测因素。
