Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto and Social and Behavioral Sciences Department, Maia University Institute, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2019 Dec;22(4):502-526. doi: 10.1007/s10567-019-00298-w.
Delinquency refers to a juveniles' behavior pattern characterized by repeated offending, and is regarded mainly in its social, but also criminal aspects. Delinquent and non-delinquent individuals may be a product of the same society or even the same family. Young individuals who are unable to find affection and protection within the family may become more susceptible to delinquency as a form of empowerment. More than socioeconomic conditions, the lack of interaction between parents and children, the existence of psychopathological problems in either parent, and academic problems, together with a biological vulnerability, may be deciding factors for the involvement of young individuals in delinquent behavior. This review aims to analyze the influence of environmental and genetic factors in the development of delinquent behavior. Studies related to the influence of the environment and genes on the development of delinquent behavior were obtained from multiple databases, through rigorous exclusion and inclusion criteria. Of the 152 documents retrieved, 87 were retained for further analysis, and 36 final studies were considered eligible for inclusion. In addition to these, ten studies were added trough manual search, with the final sample thus comprising 46 articles, published between 1983 and 2016. Objectives, methodological aspects (samples and instruments), and main conclusions were extracted from each study. Overall, the interaction between genetic and environmental factors appears to best explain the variation of delinquent behavior. Environmental risk factors may have differential effects on the behavior of individuals, particularly according to their genetic propensity for delinquency.
青少年犯罪是指青少年反复犯罪的行为模式，主要从社会和刑事角度来定义。犯罪和非犯罪的个体可能来自于同一社会，甚至是同一家庭。在家庭中无法获得情感和保护的青少年可能更容易通过犯罪来获得力量。与社会经济条件相比，父母与子女之间缺乏互动、父母一方存在心理病理问题、学业问题以及生物脆弱性，这些因素可能是青少年犯罪行为的决定性因素。本综述旨在分析环境和遗传因素对犯罪行为发展的影响。通过严格的排除和纳入标准，从多个数据库中获取了与环境和基因对犯罪行为发展影响相关的研究。在检索到的 152 篇文献中，有 87 篇被保留用于进一步分析，最终有 36 项研究符合纳入标准。此外，还通过手动搜索增加了 10 项研究，最终样本包括 46 篇文章，发表时间为 1983 年至 2016 年。从每项研究中提取了目标、方法学方面（样本和工具）和主要结论。总体而言，遗传和环境因素的相互作用似乎可以最好地解释犯罪行为的变化。环境风险因素可能对个体的行为产生不同的影响，特别是根据他们犯罪倾向的遗传易感性。
