Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1193:195-210. doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-6260-6_11.
Cerebral stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide. The prevalence of cerebral stroke is the result of the synergistic effect of genetic susceptibility and numerous vascular risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, excessive alcohol intake, obesity, and dyslipidemia. Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) is a vital enzyme metabolizing various acetaldehyde and toxic aldehydes. The ALDH2 enzymatic activity is severely decreased in the individuals with ALDH2*2 gene mutation, especially in East Asians. Increasing epidemiological surveys have revealed that ALDH2 genetic polymorphism is closely associated with the increasing incidence of cardiovascular risk factors and cerebral stroke. Evidence from experimental studies has also suggested that ALDH2 facilitates the clearance of reactive aldehydes and reduces the size of cerebral infarct. Therefore, targeting ALDH2 may represent a promising avenue for protection against stroke injury. This review will mainly focus on clinical and epidemiological evidence and the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the protective effect of ALDH2 in stroke-related injury.
脑卒中是全球范围内导致死亡和残疾的主要原因之一。脑卒中的患病率是遗传易感性和许多血管危险因素（包括高血压、糖尿病、过度饮酒、肥胖和血脂异常）协同作用的结果。线粒体乙醛脱氢酶（ALDH2）是一种重要的酶，可代谢各种乙醛和有毒醛。ALDH2*2 基因突变的个体中，ALDH2 酶活性严重降低，尤其是东亚人群。越来越多的流行病学调查表明，ALDH2 遗传多态性与心血管危险因素和脑卒中发病率的增加密切相关。实验研究的证据还表明，ALDH2 有助于清除反应性醛类物质，减少脑梗死的体积。因此，靶向 ALDH2 可能是预防脑卒中损伤的一种有前途的方法。本综述将主要关注临床和流行病学证据，以及 ALDH2 在与脑卒中相关的损伤中保护作用的潜在分子机制。
