Ministry of Education Laboratory of Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
Environ Int. 2019 Oct;131:104996. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104996. Epub 2019 Jul 29.
Production system-related air pollution emissions are dominant components in global emission reduction targets and in realizing relevant sustainable development goals (SDGs). To better understand the air pollution emissions induced by globalized production systems through a life cycle perspective, environmental extended multiregional input-output (EE-MRIO) analysis was applied to calculate the primary product-based emissions and the final product-based emissions embodied in the global production systems. Combined with two types of linkage analysis, named the hypothetical extraction method (HEM) and the emissions pure backward linkage (EPBL), emissions were analysed at three scopes at the sector level from macro sector linkage perspectives. An illustrative analysis was presented based on the global EXIOBASE MRIO database and primary PM emissions from 1995 to 2011. The results show that from 1995 to 2011, the primary PM emissions in the global production systems increased by 35%. In 2011, China's production system generated the highest primary product-based and final product-based primary PM emissions, which accounted for 30.7% and 29.6% of the global total, respectively. The emission flows balance between primary product-based emissions and final product-based emissions revealed that most developing countries are sources of emissions and that developed countries are sinks of emissions in production systems. An approximately U-shaped relationship was found in the primary PM emissions embodied in final products, while the opposite relationship was found embodied in primary products. Meanwhile, sector-specific protocols for controlling the high indirect emissions sectors can make the supply chain cleaner. Our findings further indicated that focusing more on industries can help relevant emissions control policymaking processes.
生产系统相关的空气污染排放是全球减排目标和实现相关可持续发展目标（SDGs）的主要组成部分。为了从生命周期的角度更好地理解全球化生产系统所导致的空气污染排放，本研究采用环境扩展多区域投入产出（EE-MRIO）分析方法，计算了全球生产系统中基于初级产品的排放和基于最终产品的排放。结合两种类型的关联分析，即假设提取法（HEM）和排放纯后向关联（EPBL），从宏观部门关联的角度，在部门层面上对三个范围的排放进行了分析。本研究以全球 EXIOBASE MRIO 数据库和 1995-2011 年的初级颗粒物（PM）排放为例进行了说明性分析。结果表明，1995-2011 年，全球生产系统中的初级 PM 排放增加了 35%。2011 年，中国生产系统产生的基于初级产品和最终产品的初级 PM 排放量最高，分别占全球总量的 30.7%和 29.6%。初级产品和最终产品的排放流之间的平衡表明，大多数发展中国家是排放的来源，而发达国家是生产系统排放的汇。最终产品中隐含的初级 PM 排放呈近似 U 型关系，而初级产品中隐含的排放则呈相反关系。同时，针对高间接排放部门制定具体部门协议可以使供应链更加清洁。我们的研究结果还表明，更加关注相关行业有助于促进相关排放控制政策制定过程。
