Material Cycles Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan.
ISA, School of Physics, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
Nat Commun. 2021 Nov 2;12(1):6286. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-26348-y.
Worldwide exposure to ambient PM causes over 4 million premature deaths annually. As most of these deaths are in developing countries, without internationally coordinated efforts this polarized situation will continue. As yet, however, no studies have quantified nation-to-nation consumer responsibility for global mortality due to both primary and secondary PM particles. Here we quantify the global footprint of PM-driven premature deaths for the 19 G20 nations in a position to lead such efforts. G20 consumption in 2010 was responsible for 1.983 [95% Confidence Interval: 1.685-2.285] million premature deaths, at an average age of 67, including 78.6 [71.5-84.8] thousand infant deaths, implying that the G20 lifetime consumption of about 28 [24-33] people claims one life. Our results indicate that G20 nations should take responsibility for their footprint rather than focusing solely on transboundary air pollution, as this would expand opportunities for reducing PM-driven premature mortality. Given the infant mortality footprint identified, it would moreover contribute to ensuring infant lives are not unfairly left behind in countries like South Africa, which have a weak relationship with G20 nations.
全球范围内，暴露在环境 PM 中每年导致超过 400 万人过早死亡。由于这些死亡大多发生在发展中国家，如果没有国际协调一致的努力，这种两极分化的局面将持续下去。然而，迄今为止，还没有研究量化由于一次和二次 PM 颗粒导致的全球死亡率在各国之间的消费者责任。在这里，我们为有能力领导此类工作的 20 国集团的 19 个国家量化了 PM 导致过早死亡的全球足迹。2010 年，20 国集团的消费导致 198.3 万人（95%置信区间：168.5-228.5）过早死亡，平均年龄为 67 岁，其中包括 78600 名婴儿死亡，这意味着 20 国集团的终身消费约为 28 人（24-33 人），就会夺走一条生命。我们的研究结果表明，20 国集团国家应该为自己的足迹负责，而不是仅仅关注越境空气污染，因为这将为减少 PM 导致的过早死亡提供更多机会。鉴于所确定的婴儿死亡率足迹，这将有助于确保婴儿的生命不会在南非等与 20 国集团关系薄弱的国家被不公平地抛在后面。
