Department of Life Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2019 Oct;118:109263. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109263. Epub 2019 Jul 29.
It is well known that chamomile is one of the oldest known medicinal herbs and has been used to treat various disorders, but it is mainly German chamomile. The effects of Roman chamomile on depression still unclear. In this study, we used chronically stressed mice to investigate whether inhalation of Roman chamomile essential oil affects depression-like behavior. We previously reported that restraint and water immersion stress produce depression-like behavior and a blunted response to the tricyclic antidepressant clomipramine. Each mouse was exposed to restraint and water immersion stress for 15 days, and resistance to the effect of clomipramine was induced in a behavioral despair paradigm. In the present study, we found that cotreatment with clomipramine and inhalation of Roman chamomile attenuated depression-like behavior in a forced swim test. Next, we examined the hippocampal mRNA levels of two cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and interleukin-6 (IL-6); a neurotrophic factor, brain derived-neurotrophic factor (BDNF); and nerve growth factor (NGF). TNF alpha, IL-6 and BDNF mRNA levels did not change in the hippocampus of stressed mice. However, the NGF mRNA level was significantly decreased, and this decrease was not attenuated by treatment with clomipramine or inhalation of Roman chamomile alone. We also examined whether Roman chamomile combined with clomipramine treatment affects hippocampal neurogenesis and serum corticosterone levels. Stressed mice had fewer doublecortin (DCX)-positive cells in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus, but this was significantly attenuated by Roman chamomile and clomipramine treatment. In addition, the serum corticosterone level was also significantly decreased by treatment with Roman chamomile and clomipramine. These results suggest that Roman chamomile inhalation may enhance the antidepressant effect of clomipramine by increasing hippocampal neurogenesis and modulating corticosterone levels in patients with treatment-resistant depression.
众所周知，甘菊是最古老的药用植物之一，已被用于治疗各种疾病，但主要是德国甘菊。罗马甘菊对抑郁症的影响尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们使用慢性应激小鼠来研究吸入罗马甘菊精油是否会影响类似抑郁的行为。我们之前报道过，束缚和水浸应激会产生类似抑郁的行为，并削弱三环抗抑郁药氯米帕明的反应。每只小鼠都暴露于束缚和水浸应激 15 天，并在行为绝望范式中诱导对氯米帕明的抗性。在本研究中，我们发现氯米帕明和吸入罗马甘菊的联合治疗可减轻强迫游泳试验中的类似抑郁行为。接下来，我们检查了海马体中两种细胞因子（肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）α和白细胞介素-6（IL-6））、神经营养因子脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）和神经生长因子（NGF）的 mRNA 水平。应激小鼠海马体中的 TNFα、IL-6 和 BDNF mRNA 水平没有变化。然而，NGF mRNA 水平显著降低，这种降低不能通过单独使用氯米帕明或吸入罗马甘菊来缓解。我们还检查了罗马甘菊与氯米帕明联合治疗是否会影响海马体神经发生和血清皮质酮水平。应激小鼠齿状回颗粒下区的双皮质素（DCX）阳性细胞较少，但这一现象可被罗马甘菊和氯米帕明的治疗显著减轻。此外，罗马甘菊和氯米帕明的治疗还显著降低了血清皮质酮水平。这些结果表明，罗马甘菊吸入可能通过增加海马体神经发生和调节皮质酮水平来增强氯米帕明的抗抑郁作用，从而治疗抵抗性抑郁症患者。
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