Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy.
Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piedmont , Torino , Italy.
J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2019;82(13):760-768. doi: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1648346. Epub 2019 Aug 1.
Farmed trout are commonly fed carotenoid-enriched diets during the finishing period to acquire typical red-to-pink flesh color in salmonid muscle. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of two xanthophylls, astaxanthin (Ax) or canthaxanthin (Cx), administered individually or in combination, on oxidative stress biomarkers in kidney and liver of rainbow trout. Specimens were fed Ax (75 mg/kg) or Cx (25 mg/kg) individually or in combination in the diets for 8 weeks. Changes in concentration of oxidative stress biomarkers, including total glutathione, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione -transferase, were recorded in Ax- and Cx-dosed trout. These two carotenoids, predominantly Cx, initiated enzymatic responses in rainbow trout. It is noteworthy that lipid peroxidation processes were not apparent in all Ax or Cx-dosed trout. Further, both combined xanthophylls did not exert significant synergistic effects in liver and kidney. Biomarker responses were generally altered in both tissues through the 4 and 8 weeks suggesting that different time-dependent mechanisms led to enhanced antioxidant defense in Ax and/or Cx-fed trout. Data demonstrated that these two xanthophylls did not exert detrimental effects on rainbow trout.
养殖的鳜鱼在育肥期通常会喂食富含类胡萝卜素的饲料，以获得三文鱼肌肉的典型红粉色。本研究的目的是研究两种叶黄素，虾青素（Ax）或角黄素（Cx），单独或联合给药，对虹鳟鱼肾脏和肝脏氧化应激生物标志物的影响。在 8 周的时间里，虹鳟鱼单独或联合喂食含有 Ax（75mg/kg）或 Cx（25mg/kg）的饮食。记录 Ax 和 Cx 处理过的虹鳟鱼中氧化应激生物标志物（包括总谷胱甘肽、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶和谷胱甘肽转移酶）的浓度变化。这两种类胡萝卜素主要是 Cx，启动了虹鳟鱼的酶反应。值得注意的是，并非所有 Ax 或 Cx 处理的虹鳟鱼都出现明显的脂质过氧化过程。此外，两种组合的类胡萝卜素在肝脏和肾脏中均未表现出显著的协同作用。生物标志物反应在这两种组织中均在 4 周和 8 周内发生变化，这表明不同的时间依赖性机制导致 Ax 和/或 Cx 喂养的虹鳟鱼增强了抗氧化防御能力。数据表明，这两种类胡萝卜素对虹鳟鱼没有不良影响。
