"Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic Polymers, 41-A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487, Iaşi, Romania.
"Gh. Asachi" Technical University, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology, Bd. Carol I no. 11A, 700506, Iaşi, Romania.
Macromol Biosci. 2019 Sep;19(9):e1900187. doi: 10.1002/mabi.201900187. Epub 2019 Aug 2.
(Nano)gels from macromolecular compounds-natural, synthetic, or a combination thereof, suitable crosslinkers-and conferred characteristics-such as degradability, size, charge, amphiphilicity, responsiveness, and softness-are capable of responding to the challenges imposed by bioengineering applications. Polysaccharide-based gels have received particular attention in this field. This review addresses recent advancement in the use of (nano)gel structures prepared only from compounds based on gellan gum, heparin, chondroitin sulfate, carrageenan, guar gum, galactose, or agarose, which represent an important part of the special class of natural polymers, the polysaccharides. Also, future trends are taken into discussion regarding the (nano)gels' use in biomedical applications such as biomimetics, biosensors, artificial muscles, and chemical separations in relation with their ability to be used as a vehicle for various biomolecules due to their physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability.
（纳米）凝胶由大分子化合物-天然、合成或两者的组合、合适的交联剂-赋予特性-如可降解性、尺寸、电荷、两亲性、响应性和柔软性-能够应对生物工程应用带来的挑战。多糖基凝胶在这一领域受到了特别关注。本综述介绍了仅使用基于凝胶多糖、肝素、硫酸软骨素、卡拉胶、瓜尔胶、半乳糖或琼脂糖的化合物制备的（纳米）凝胶结构的最新进展，这些化合物是多糖这一特殊天然聚合物类别的重要组成部分。此外，还讨论了（纳米）凝胶在生物医学应用中的未来趋势，如仿生学、生物传感器、人造肌肉和化学分离，以及由于其物理化学性质、生物相容性和可生物降解性，它们作为各种生物分子载体的用途。
