Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
Department of Animal Science-Deer Research and Conservation Center (NUPECCE), Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2019 Aug 2;14(8):e0220288. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220288. eCollection 2019.
The care and management of deer in captivity is challenging, especially in the case of red brocket deer (Mazama americana), whose routine management using physical restraint is difficult. Our study evaluated the effects of azaperone and xylazine combination for immobilizing red brocket deer and allow for the standard capture and handling protocols (e.g., biological material, horn cutting, and trimming) to be conducted safely. Six adult, captive, red brocket deer received an intramuscular injection of either 1 mg/kg azaperone and 0.5 mg/kg xylazine (AX0.5) or 1 mg/kg azaperone and 1 mg/kg xylazine (AX1.0). Sedation latency, sternal recumbency, safe handling, and quality of the sedation were evaluated to provide an overview of how the immobilizing drugs affected managing the species in captivity. Additionally, heart rate, respiratory rate, mean arterial pressure, rectal temperature, pH, PaO2, PaCO2, SaO2, HCO3-, BE, Na+, K+ and serum lactate were also measured. The latency period of the animals in the AX0.5 group was greater than that of the animals in the AX1.0 group (7 ± 6.6 min vs. 5 ± 2.0 min), as was the time for them to assume sternal recumbency (12 ± 9.7 min vs. 6 ± 3.1 min). However, the time after the initial dose at which the animals could safely be handled (14 ± 4.5 min vs. 12 ± 5.2 min), and the time until the end of the safe handling period (75 ± 12.3 min vs. 85 ± 6.8 min) were similar for both groups. Animals in both groups showed physiological stability during all evaluations, but hypoxemia was observed in one animal in each group. We conclude that both drug combinations are safe and effective at sedating red brocket deer in captivity and suggest that the procedure be performed with oxygen supplementation to reduce the potential for hypoxia.
圈养鹿的护理和管理具有挑战性，特别是红麂（Mazama americana），其常规的物理约束管理较为困难。我们的研究评估了安定和二甲苯胺噻唑组合对红麂进行麻醉的效果，并允许安全地进行标准的捕获和处理方案（例如，生物材料、角切割和修剪）。六只成年圈养红麂接受了肌肉内注射 1mg/kg 安定和 0.5mg/kg 二甲苯胺噻唑（AX0.5）或 1mg/kg 安定和 1mg/kg 二甲苯胺噻唑（AX1.0）。评估了镇静潜伏期、胸骨卧位、安全处理和镇静质量，以全面了解麻醉药物如何影响圈养物种的管理。此外，还测量了心率、呼吸频率、平均动脉压、直肠温度、pH 值、PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、HCO3-、BE、Na+、K+和血清乳酸。AX0.5 组动物的潜伏期长于 AX1.0 组（7±6.6 分钟比 5±2.0 分钟），胸骨卧位的时间也更长（12±9.7 分钟比 6±3.1 分钟）。然而，初始剂量后动物可以安全处理的时间（14±4.5 分钟比 12±5.2 分钟）和安全处理期结束的时间（75±12.3 分钟比 85±6.8 分钟）在两组之间相似。两组动物在所有评估中均表现出生理稳定性，但每组都有一只动物出现低氧血症。我们得出结论，两种药物组合都能安全有效地使圈养红麂镇静，并建议在操作时补充氧气，以降低缺氧的可能性。
