State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing (LIESMARS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing (LIESMARS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Nov 25;693:133536. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.342. Epub 2019 Jul 22.
In the first two decades of the 21st century, 79 global big cities have suffered extensively from drought disaster. Meanwhile, climate change has magnified urban drought in both frequency and severity, putting tremendous pressure on a city's water supply. Therefore, tackling the challenges of urban drought is an integral part of achieving the targets set in at least 5 different Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Yet, the current literatures on drought have not placed sufficient emphasis on urban drought challenge in achieving the United Nations' 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This review is intended to fill this knowledge gap by identifying the key concepts behind urban drought, including the definition, occurrence, characteristics, formation, and impacts. Then, four sub-categories of urban drought are proposed, including precipitation-induced, runoff-induced, pollution-induced, and demand-induced urban droughts. These sub-categories can support city stakeholders in taking drought mitigation actions and advancing the following SDGs: SDG 6 "Clean water and sanitation", SDG 11 "Sustainable cities and communities", SDG 12 "Responsible production and consumption", SDG 13 "Climate actions", and SDG 15 "Life on land". To further support cities in taking concrete actions in reaching the listed SDGs, this perspective proposes five actions that city stakeholders can undertake in enhancing drought resilience and preparedness:1) Raising public awareness on water right and water saving; 2) Fostering flexible reliable, and integrated urban water supply; 3) Improving efficiency of urban water management; 4) Investing in sustainability science research for urban drought; and 5) Strengthening resilience efforts via international cooperation. In short, this review contains a wealth of insights on urban drought and highlights the intrinsic connections between drought resilience and the 2030 SDGs. It also proposes five action steps for policymakers and city stakeholders that would support them in taking the first step to combat and mitigate the impacts of urban droughts.
在 21 世纪的头二十年里，全球 79 个大城市广泛遭受了干旱灾害。同时，气候变化使得城市干旱的频率和严重程度都有所加剧，给城市供水带来了巨大压力。因此，应对城市干旱的挑战是实现至少 5 个不同可持续发展目标（SDGs）目标的重要组成部分。然而，当前关于干旱的文献并没有充分重视城市干旱在实现联合国 2030 年可持续发展议程方面的挑战。本综述旨在通过确定城市干旱背后的关键概念，包括定义、发生、特征、形成和影响，来填补这一知识空白。然后，提出了四类城市干旱，包括降水诱发、径流诱发、污染诱发和需求诱发的城市干旱。这些子类别可以支持城市利益相关者采取减轻干旱的行动，并推进以下可持续发展目标：SDG6“清洁饮水和卫生设施”、SDG11“可持续城市和社区”、SDG12“负责任的生产和消费”、SDG13“气候行动”和 SDG15“陆地生物”。为了进一步支持城市采取具体行动实现上述 SDGs，本观点提出了城市利益相关者可以采取的五项行动，以增强干旱抵御能力和准备：1）提高公众对水权和节水的认识；2）培育灵活可靠和综合的城市供水；3）提高城市水资源管理效率；4）投资城市干旱可持续性科学研究；5）通过国际合作加强韧性工作。简而言之，本综述包含了大量关于城市干旱的见解，并强调了干旱抵御能力与 2030 年可持续发展目标之间的内在联系。它还为政策制定者和城市利益相关者提出了五个行动步骤，支持他们采取第一步来应对和减轻城市干旱的影响。
