Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Ballarat Road, Footscray, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia.
Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2019 Aug 2;16(1):60. doi: 10.1186/s12966-019-0822-5.
Policy analysis is considered essential for achieving successful reforms in health promotion and public health. The only framework for physical activity (PA) policy analysis was developed at a time when the field of PA policy research was in its early stages. PA policy research has since grown, and our understanding of what elements need to be included in a comprehensive analysis of PA policy is now more refined. This study developed a new conceptual framework for PA policy analysis - the Comprehensive Analysis of Policy on Physical Activity (CAPPA) framework.
The development of the CAPPA framework was based on: (i) an extensive review of literature; (ii) an open discussion between the authors; (iii) three rounds of a Delphi process; and (iv) two-rounds of consultations with PA policy stakeholders.
The CAPPA framework specifies 38 elements of a comprehensive analysis of PA policies in the following six categories, which comprise the building blocks of the framework: (i) purpose of analysis (including auditing and assessment of policies); (ii) policy level (including: international; national; subnational; local; and institutional policies); (iii) policy sector (including: health; sport; recreation and leisure; education; transport; environment; urban/rural planning and design; tourism; work and employment; public finance; and research sectors); (iv) type of policy (including: formal written policies; unwritten formal statements; written standards and guidelines; formal procedures; and informal policies); (v) stage of policy cycle (including: agenda setting; formulation; endorsement/legitimisation; implementation; evaluation; maintenance; termination; and succession); and (vi) scope of analysis (including availability; context; processes; actors; political will; content; and effects). Based on the CAPPA framework, we also proposed broad and inclusive definitions of PA policy and PA policy analysis.
The CAPPA framework may be used to guide future studies related to PA policy and to provide a context for the analysis of its specific components. The framework could be used in the same way for sedentary behaviour policy research. Future research should examine the extent to which PA policy analysis has covered each of the elements specified in the CAPPA framework and analyse the elements for which evidence is lacking. Future studies should also determine whether the existing tools allow for auditing and assessment of all the CAPPA elements and develop new tools if needed to allow for a more comprehensive PA policy analysis.
政策分析被认为是实现健康促进和公共卫生改革成功的关键。唯一的体力活动（PA）政策分析框架是在 PA 政策研究领域处于早期阶段时制定的。自那时以来，PA 政策研究已经发展，我们对全面分析 PA 政策所需的要素的理解现在更加完善。本研究制定了一个新的 PA 政策分析概念框架 - 体力活动政策综合分析（CAPPA）框架。
CAPPA 框架的制定基于：（i）对文献的广泛审查；（ii）作者之间的公开讨论；（iii）三轮德尔菲流程；以及（iv）与 PA 政策利益相关者的两轮磋商。
CAPPA 框架指定了 PA 政策综合分析的 38 个要素，分为以下六个类别，这些类别构成了框架的组成部分：（i）分析目的（包括政策审核和评估）；（ii）政策级别（包括：国际、国家、次国家、地方和机构政策）；（iii）政策部门（包括：卫生、体育、娱乐和休闲、教育、交通、环境、城乡规划与设计、旅游、工作与就业、公共财政和研究部门）；（iv）政策类型（包括：正式书面政策、非正式正式声明、书面标准和准则、正式程序和非正式政策）；（v）政策周期阶段（包括：议程设置、制定、认可/合法化、实施、评估、维护、终止和继任）；以及（vi）分析范围（包括可用性、背景、流程、参与者、政治意愿、内容和效果）。基于 CAPPA 框架，我们还提出了 PA 政策和 PA 政策分析的广泛而包容的定义。
CAPPA 框架可用于指导与 PA 政策相关的未来研究，并为分析其特定组成部分提供背景。该框架也可以用于久坐行为政策研究。未来的研究应考察 PA 政策分析涵盖 CAPPA 框架规定的要素的程度，并分析缺乏证据的要素。未来的研究还应确定现有的工具是否允许审核和评估 CAPPA 的所有要素，并在需要时开发新工具，以实现更全面的 PA 政策分析。
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