Mclaughlin Matthew, McCue Peter, Swelam Brittany, Murphy Joey, Edney Sarah
UWA Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009,Australia.
School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308,Australia.
Health Promot Int. 2025 Jan 17;40(1). doi: 10.1093/heapro/daae175.
This is a state-of-the-art review of historical developments, current approaches and recommended future directions in physical activity (PA) research, practice and policy. Since the early epidemiological studies in the 1950s, PA research has developed from within a biomedical paradigm. There is now a strong evidence base linking PA with positive health outcomes. PA is currently understood as a multi-sector issue, requiring a multi-sector solution (e.g. transport, urban design, sport), resulting in multiple individual and societal benefits (e.g. addresses multiple Sustainable Development Goals), however, there is a disconnect between interventions, policy and practice. This may be due to limited cross-sector collaboration between, and within, the public and private sectors. Furthermore, the mix of policy instruments employed by governments to implement PA policy to date has been dominated by soft (e.g. communication) rather than hard options (e.g. fiscal). To progress in PA promotion, we need to move beyond health outcome and intervention evidence generation (e.g. focus on testing efficacy in highly controlled settings), to more complex, real world, politically informed, multi-sector, scale-up and policies, while concurrently collecting data to evaluate such efforts (e.g. natural experiments and evaluations of the policy process). PA programs may benefit from greater incorporation of public policy considerations, so that proposed interventions and policies are designed with potential political constraints in mind. We conclude by providing a call to action to advance the understanding of the role of politics in PA, in order to develop politically informed action on PA.
这是一篇关于体育活动（PA）研究、实践和政策的历史发展、当前方法及推荐未来方向的前沿综述。自20世纪50年代早期的流行病学研究以来，PA研究在生物医学范式内发展起来。现在有强有力的证据基础将PA与积极的健康结果联系起来。PA目前被理解为一个多部门问题，需要多部门解决方案（如交通、城市设计、体育），从而带来多种个人和社会效益（如实现多个可持续发展目标），然而，干预措施、政策和实践之间存在脱节。这可能是由于公共和私营部门之间以及内部的跨部门合作有限。此外，政府迄今为止用于实施PA政策的政策工具组合主要由软性（如宣传）而非硬性选项（如财政）主导。为了在PA推广方面取得进展，我们需要超越健康结果和干预证据的生成（如专注于在高度受控环境中测试效果），转向更复杂、现实世界、政治上明智的、多部门的、扩大规模的政策，同时收集数据以评估此类努力（如自然实验和政策过程评估）。PA项目可能会从更多纳入公共政策考虑中受益，以便在设计拟议的干预措施和政策时考虑到潜在的政治限制。我们通过呼吁采取行动来推进对政治在PA中作用的理解，从而制定关于PA的政治上明智的行动来得出结论。
