J Acad Nutr Diet. 2020 Jan;120(1):45-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.05.018. Epub 2019 Jul 30.
The propensity to overeat may, in part, be a function of the satisfaction derived from eating. If levels of satisfaction derived from food differ among normal-weight, overweight, and obese adults, the quantification of satisfaction from food may help explain why some people eat more than others.
To quantify the satisfaction obtained from eating one specific food, chocolate, by measuring taste perception as normal-weight, overweight, and obese participants consumed additional pieces of chocolate. To measure the effect of nutritional information on chocolate consumption.
Randomized, controlled trial.
PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: We analyzed data on 290 adults; 161 had a body mass index (BMI) that was considered normal (<25), 78 had a BMI considered overweight (≥25 and <30), and 51 had a BMI considered obese (≥30).
Participants were given samples of chocolate, one at a time, until they chose to stop eating. With each sample, participants were given a questionnaire. Half of the study participants were randomly selected to receive nutritional information (n=150).
Perceived taste for each sample.
We used time-series-regression to model perceived taste changes while controlling for participant characteristics.
Study participants consumed between 2 and 51 pieces of chocolate with a mean of 12.1 pieces. Average taste perception decreased with each piece. We found no significant difference in taste perceptions between normal- and overweight participants. However, obese participants had higher levels of initial taste perception than normal- and overweight participants (P=0.02). Also, obese participants reported taste perceptions that declined at a more gradual rate than normal- and overweight participants (P<0.01). Self-reported hunger, prior to the study, affected taste perception, but providing nutritional information did not.
Obese participants started with higher levels of perceived taste and also experienced slower rates of decline than did normal-weight and overweight individuals.
过量进食的倾向在某种程度上可能是进食带来的满足感的作用。如果正常体重、超重和肥胖成年人从食物中获得的满足感水平不同，那么对食物满足感的量化可能有助于解释为什么有些人比其他人吃得更多。
通过测量正常体重、超重和肥胖参与者在食用额外巧克力块时的味觉感知，来量化从食用一种特定食物（巧克力）中获得的满足感。测量营养信息对巧克力消费的影响。
随机对照试验。
参与者/设置：我们分析了 290 名成年人的数据；161 人的体重指数（BMI）被认为正常（<25），78 人的 BMI 被认为超重（≥25 和 <30），51 人的 BMI 被认为肥胖（≥30）。
参与者一次被给予一块巧克力样本，直到他们选择停止进食。每次给参与者一份问卷。一半的研究参与者被随机选择接收营养信息（n=150）。
对每种样本的感知味觉。
我们使用时间序列回归来模拟感知味觉的变化，同时控制参与者的特征。
研究参与者共食用了 2 至 51 块巧克力，平均食用了 12.1 块。平均味觉感知随每一块巧克力的食用而下降。我们没有发现正常体重和超重参与者之间的味觉感知有显著差异。然而，肥胖参与者的初始味觉感知水平高于正常体重和超重参与者（P=0.02）。此外，肥胖参与者报告的味觉感知下降速度比正常体重和超重参与者更缓慢（P<0.01）。研究前的自我报告饥饿感影响了味觉感知，但提供营养信息并没有影响。
肥胖参与者的初始味觉感知水平较高，味觉感知下降速度也较慢。
