Komunalno stanovanjska družba, Goriška 23B, 5270 Ajdovščina, Slovenia.
University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Jamova 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Waste Manag. 2019 Aug 1;96:96-107. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.07.001. Epub 2019 Jul 16.
Landfilling of non-pretreated, mixed municipal solid and similar waste remains a major method of waste management in many parts of the world today, particularly in developing countries. Modern dry-type and bioreactor landfills are considered to be relatively safe facilities in contrast to less engineered sanitary landfills. However, highly-engineered landfills are often not applicable in low-income countries because of their high cost. Performance of low-cost types of sanitary landfills deserve further exploration, because uncontrollable dumpsites pose real long-term threats to aquifers and the most reliable means of improving the situation is by upgrading these sites into technically similar, but environmentally safe facilities. Risk assessments can provide some insight into differences in environmental performance between major types of low-cost and high-cost landfills simulating the essential landfill processes. The risk of contamination at a presumed aquifer that resides directly below a presumed landfill was quantitatively assessed in this study comparing long-term environmental performances of four different types of facilities. A risk assessment software tool which explicitly enables inclusion of uncertainty present in the estimates to generate results with a wide range of possible outcomes was used to fulfill this purpose. It was demonstrated that contaminants derived from a modern, dry-type landfill would likely leech into an aquifer with the greatest impact occurring several decades after landfill closure. However, a specifically designed and properly operated, passive semiaerobic above-ground landfill was shown to be a comparatively safe facility.
在当今世界的许多地区，特别是在发展中国家，未经预处理的混合城市固体废物和类似废物的填埋仍然是主要的废物管理方法。与工程化程度较低的卫生填埋场相比，现代干式和生物反应器填埋场被认为是相对安全的设施。然而，由于成本高昂，高度工程化的垃圾填埋场往往不适用于低收入国家。因此，有必要进一步探索低成本类型的卫生垃圾填埋场的性能，因为不可控的垃圾场对含水层构成了真正的长期威胁，而改善这种情况的最可靠方法是将这些垃圾场升级为技术上相似但环境安全的设施。风险评估可以提供一些关于不同类型的低成本和高成本垃圾填埋场在模拟基本填埋场过程中的环境性能差异的见解。本研究通过比较四种不同类型设施的长期环境性能，对假定位于假定垃圾填埋场正下方的假定含水层的污染风险进行了定量评估。使用一种风险评估软件工具来实现这一目的，该工具明确允许将估计中的不确定性包括在内，以生成具有广泛可能结果的结果。结果表明，来自现代干式垃圾填埋场的污染物很可能渗入含水层，最大影响发生在垃圾填埋场关闭几十年后。然而，专门设计和正确操作的被动半好氧地上垃圾填埋场被证明是一种相对安全的设施。
