Niculite Cristina-Mariana, Enciu Ana-Maria, Hinescu Mihail Eugen
Cell Biology Department, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.
Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
Front Genet. 2019 Jul 19;10:680. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00680. eCollection 2019.
CD36 is a transmembrane protein involved in fatty acid translocation, scavenging for oxidized fatty acids acting as a receptor for adhesion molecules. It is expressed on macrophages, as well as other types of cells, such as endothelial and adipose cells. CD36 participates in muscle lipid uptake, adipose energy storage, and gut fat absorption. Recently, several preclinical and clinical studies demonstrated that upregulation of CD36 is a prerequisite for tumor metastasis. Cancer metastasis-related research emerged much later and has been less investigated, though it is equally or even more important. CD36 protein expression can be modified by epigenetic changes and post-transcriptional interference from non-coding RNAs. Some data indicate modulation of CD36 expression in specific cell types by epigenetic changes DNA methylation patterns or histone tails, or through miRNA interference, but this is largely unexplored. The few papers addressing this topic refer mostly to lipid metabolism-related pathologies, whereas in cancer research, data are even more scarce. The aim of this review was to summarize major epigenetic and post-transcriptional mechanisms that impact CD36 expression in relation to various pathologies while highlighting the areas in need of further exploration.
CD36是一种跨膜蛋白，参与脂肪酸转运，清除氧化脂肪酸，并作为黏附分子的受体发挥作用。它在巨噬细胞以及其他类型的细胞（如内皮细胞和脂肪细胞）中表达。CD36参与肌肉脂质摄取、脂肪能量储存和肠道脂肪吸收。最近，多项临床前和临床研究表明，CD36的上调是肿瘤转移的先决条件。癌症转移相关研究出现得较晚，且研究较少，尽管它同样重要甚至更为重要。CD36蛋白表达可通过表观遗传变化和非编码RNA的转录后干扰进行修饰。一些数据表明，表观遗传变化（DNA甲基化模式或组蛋白尾巴）或通过miRNA干扰可调节特定细胞类型中CD36的表达，但这在很大程度上尚未得到充分探索。少数涉及该主题的论文大多提及与脂质代谢相关的病理学，而在癌症研究中，数据更为稀少。本综述的目的是总结影响CD36在各种病理学中表达的主要表观遗传和转录后机制，同时突出需要进一步探索的领域。
