Fanalli Simara Larissa, da Silva Bruna Pereira Martins, Gomes Julia Dezen, Durval Mariah Castro, de Almeida Vivian Vezzoni, Moreira Gabriel Costa Monteiro, Silva-Vignato Bárbara, Afonso Juliana, Freitas Felipe André Oliveira, Reecy James Mark, Koltes James Eugene, Koltes Dawn, Garrick Dorian, Correia de Almeida Regitano Luciana, Balieiro Júlio Cesar de Carvalho, Mourão Gerson Barreto, Coutinho Luiz Lehmann, Fukumasu Heidge, de Alencar Severino Matias, Luchiari Filho Albino, Cesar Aline Silva Mello
Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, (FZEA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Animal Science Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil.
Front Genet. 2023 Jan 25;14:1053021. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1053021. eCollection 2023.
Pigs () are an animal model for metabolic diseases in humans. Pork is an important source of fatty acids (FAs) in the human diet, as it is one of the most consumed meats worldwide. The effects of dietary inclusion of oils such as canola, fish, and soybean oils on pig gene expression are mostly unknown. Our objective was to evaluate FA composition, identify changes in gene expression in the liver of male pigs fed diets enriched with different FA profiles, and identify impacted metabolic pathways and gene networks to enlighten the biological mechanisms' variation. Large White male pigs were randomly allocated to one of three diets with 18 pigs in each; all diets comprised a base of corn and soybean meal to which either 3% of soybean oil (SOY), 3% canola oil (CO), or 3% fish oil (FO) was added for a 98-day trial during the growing and finishing phases. RNA sequencing was performed on the liver samples of each animal by Illumina technology for differential gene expression analyses, using the R package DESeq2. The diets modified the FA profile, mainly in relation to polyunsaturated and saturated FAs. Comparing SOY vs FO, 143 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified as being associated with metabolism, metabolic and neurodegenerative disease pathways, inflammatory processes, and immune response networks. Comparing CO vs SOY, 148 DEGs were identified, with pathways related to FA oxidation, regulation of lipid metabolism, and metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. Our results help explain the behavior of genes with differential expression in metabolic pathways resulting from feeding different types of oils in pig diets.
猪是人类代谢性疾病的动物模型。猪肉是人类饮食中脂肪酸（FAs）的重要来源，因为它是全球消费最多的肉类之一。日粮中添加菜籽油、鱼油和大豆油等油脂对猪基因表达的影响大多未知。我们的目标是评估脂肪酸组成，确定饲喂不同脂肪酸谱日粮的雄性猪肝脏中基因表达的变化，并确定受影响的代谢途径和基因网络，以阐明生物学机制的差异。大白公猪被随机分配到三种日粮中的一种，每种日粮18头猪；所有日粮均以玉米和豆粕为基础，在生长育肥阶段添加3%的大豆油（SOY）、3%的菜籽油（CO）或3%的鱼油（FO）进行98天的试验。使用Illumina技术对每只动物的肝脏样本进行RNA测序，以进行差异基因表达分析，使用R包DESeq2。日粮改变了脂肪酸谱，主要涉及多不饱和脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸。比较SOY和FO，确定了143个差异表达基因（DEGs）与代谢、代谢和神经退行性疾病途径、炎症过程和免疫反应网络相关。比较CO和SOY，确定了148个DEGs，其途径与脂肪酸氧化、脂质代谢调节以及代谢和神经退行性疾病有关。我们的结果有助于解释猪日粮中饲喂不同类型油脂导致代谢途径中差异表达基因的行为。
