短期的、针对动物产品的宗教“禁食”，对心血管代谢健康生物标志物的影响极小，而不论同时是否改变不同的植物性食物组。
A short-term religious "fast" from animal products has a minimal impact on cardiometabolic health biomarkers irrespective of concurrent shifts in distinct plant-based food groups.
机构信息
Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA.
Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
出版信息
Am J Clin Nutr. 2019 Sep 1;110(3):722-732. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz153.
BACKGROUND
Plant-based diets may help improve measures of body fat, blood cholesterol, glucose metabolism, and inflammation. However, limited evidence suggests that the health effects of reducing animal products may depend on the quality of plant-based foods consumed as caloric replacements.
OBJECTIVE
This study examined how temporarily restricting consumption of meat, dairy, and egg (MDE) products for religious purposes influences cardiometabolic health biomarkers and whether any effects of MDE restriction on biomarkers are modified by concurrent shifts in calories, fish, and distinct plant-based foods.
DESIGN
This study followed a sample of 99 individuals in the United States with varying degrees of adherence to Orthodox Christian (OC) guidance to abstain from MDE products during Lent, the 48-d period prior to Easter. Dietary composition was estimated from FFQs and 7-d food records; measures of body fat, blood lipids, glucose metabolism, and inflammation were collected prior to and at the end of Lent.
RESULTS
Each serving decrease in MDE products was associated with an average -3.7% (95% CI: -5.5%, -2.0%; P < 0.0001) and -3.6% (95% CI: -5.8%, -1.3%; P = 0.003) change in fasting total and LDL blood cholesterol, respectively, which were partly explained by minor weight loss. However, the total/HDL cholesterol ratio did not significantly decrease due to an average -3.2% (95% CI: -5.8%, -0.6%; P = 0.02) change in HDL cholesterol. No associations between MDE restrictions and shifts in measures of body fat, glucose, insulin, or C-reactive protein were observed. The data could not provide evidence that changes in cardiometabolic health biomarkers in relation to MDE restriction were modified by concurrent shifts in calories, fish, or plant-based foods.
CONCLUSION
Temporary MDE restrictions practiced by this sample of OCs in the United States during Lent had minimal effects on cardiometabolic disease risk factors. Further research among larger samples of OCs is needed to understand how nutritionally distinct and complex combinations of plant-based foods may modify the health effects of religious fasting from MDE products.
背景
植物性饮食可能有助于改善体脂肪、血液胆固醇、葡萄糖代谢和炎症等指标。然而，有限的证据表明，减少动物产品对健康的影响可能取决于所消耗的植物性食物的质量，这些食物可替代卡路里。
目的
本研究考察了出于宗教目的暂时限制肉类、奶制品和蛋类（MDE）产品的摄入如何影响心血管代谢健康生物标志物，以及 MDE 限制对生物标志物的任何影响是否会因同时摄入卡路里、鱼类和不同的植物性食物而改变。
设计
本研究跟踪了美国 99 名不同程度遵循东正教（OC）禁食 MDE 产品的指导意见在大斋节期间的情况，大斋节是复活节前的 48 天。饮食成分是根据 FFQ 和 7 天食物记录估计的；在大斋节前和结束时收集了体脂肪、血液脂质、葡萄糖代谢和炎症的测量值。
结果
每减少一份 MDE 产品，空腹总胆固醇和 LDL 胆固醇分别平均降低 3.7%（95% CI：-5.5%，-2.0%；P<0.0001）和 3.6%（95% CI：-5.8%，-1.3%；P=0.003），这部分是由于体重略有减轻。然而，由于 HDL 胆固醇平均降低 3.2%（95% CI：-5.8%，-0.6%；P=0.02），总/HDL 胆固醇比值没有显著降低。MDE 限制与体脂肪、葡萄糖、胰岛素或 C 反应蛋白等指标的变化之间没有关联。数据不能提供证据表明 MDE 限制与心血管代谢健康生物标志物变化之间的关系会因同时摄入卡路里、鱼类或植物性食物而改变。
结论
本研究中，美国的 OC 群体在大斋节期间暂时限制 MDE 的摄入，对心血管代谢疾病风险因素的影响很小。需要在更大的 OC 样本中进行进一步研究，以了解营养上不同且复杂的植物性食物组合如何改变从 MDE 产品中禁食的宗教对健康的影响。
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