Daramola Japheth, M Ekhwan Toriman, Adepehin Ekundayo Joseph, Mokhtar J, Lam Kuok Choy, Er Ah Choy
Social, Environmental, Development, Sustainability Research Centre (SEEDS), Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Geology Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Heliyon. 2019 Jul 25;5(7):e02121. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02121. eCollection 2019 Jul.
Water constitutes a major environmental and public health concerns worldwide. A large proportion of global water consumption is sourced from surface water. The dependency level on surface water is higher in developing countries, especially in rural-to-semi-urban areas, where subsurface water is not accessible. Presented in this paper is a spatiotemporal and hydrochemical quality assessment of the spring-originated Landzun Stream in Bida, Nigeria; which is usually consumed in its untreated state. Water samples were systematically collected in eighteen locations along the stream channel in both rainy and dry seasons at an equidistance interval of 500m. On-site and laboratory measurement of important physical and hydrochemical parameters were carried out using standard procedures. Water temperature in the rainy season (34-37 °C) slightly exceeds measured values in the dry season (29-33 °C). 72.22% (rainy) and 83.33% (dry) of collected samples did not meet the odourless requirement for drinking water. Similarly, estimated percentages of 66.67 and 94.44 of collected samples in rainy and dry seasons respectively have a taste. Contrary to data in the rainy season, 89%, 11%, 67% and 56% of the dry season's samples were enriched in magnesium (Mg), lead (Pb), potassium (K) and iron (Fe) respectively above the 2018 World Health Organisation guidelines for drinking water. This study further established that seasonal variation plays a major role in altering the aesthetic surface water quality. The intake of untreated surface water is a vehicle for potential water-borne diseases and allergies, hence alternative sources of drinking water for the populace dependent on the Landzun Stream is recommended to reduce risks and possible dangers of consuming the stream water.
水是全球主要的环境和公共卫生问题。全球大部分的用水来自地表水。发展中国家对地表水的依赖程度更高，尤其是在农村到半城市地区，那里无法获取地下水。本文介绍了尼日利亚比达泉源地兰尊溪的时空和水化学质量评估；该溪水通常未经处理就被饮用。在雨季和旱季，沿着河道以500米的等距间隔在18个地点系统地采集了水样。使用标准程序对重要的物理和水化学参数进行了现场和实验室测量。雨季的水温（34 - 37°C）略高于旱季的测量值（29 - 33°C）。72.22%（雨季）和83.33%（旱季）的采集样本不符合饮用水无异味的要求。同样，雨季和旱季采集样本中分别估计有66.67%和94.44%有味道。与雨季的数据相反，旱季样本中分别有89%、11%、67%和56%的镁（Mg）、铅（Pb）、钾（K）和铁（Fe）含量超过了2018年世界卫生组织的饮用水指南。这项研究进一步证实，季节变化在改变地表水的感官质量方面起主要作用。未经处理的地表水的摄入是潜在水源性疾病和过敏的传播途径，因此建议为依赖兰尊溪的民众提供替代饮用水源，以降低饮用溪水的风险和潜在危险。
