Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
Environ Monit Assess. 2019 Nov 9;191(12):734. doi: 10.1007/s10661-019-7757-9.
The quality of drinking water source remains as a major concern in areas of developing and underdeveloped countries worldwide. The treatment and supply of drinking water in Rwanda are carried out by Water and Sanitation Corporation, a state-owned public company. However, it is not able to supply water to all households. Consequently, the non-serviced households depend on natural water sources, like springs, to meet their water requirements. Nevertheless, the water quality in these springs is scarcely known. Therefore, this study assessed and compared metal elements in drinking water sources in the dry and rainy seasons in 2017 using the contamination degree, metal index, and geographic information systems to reveal the spatial distribution of water quality within the considered water sources of springs in Rwanda. The samples were collected monthly from nine water sources of springs and the measured elements are aluminium, calcium, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc. The metal index indicated that during the dry season and rainy season, the sites of Kibungo (1.10 and 1.26) and Kinigi (1.01 and 1.54) have assessed a metal index which is higher than 1. Thus, the water quality of those sites was getting the threshold of warning. The analysis indicated that pollutants are easily transported into water bodies during the rainy season in urban and rural areas to a greater extent than during the dry season .
在全世界的发展中国家和欠发达国家，饮用水水源的质量仍然是一个主要关注点。卢旺达的饮用水处理和供应由国有公用事业公司 Water and Sanitation Corporation 负责，但该公司无法向所有家庭供应饮用水。因此，未得到服务的家庭依赖于自然水源，如泉水，来满足他们的用水需求。然而，这些泉水的水质却鲜为人知。因此，本研究使用污染程度、金属指数和地理信息系统，评估和比较了 2017 年旱季和雨季卢旺达九个泉水水源的饮用水中的金属元素，以揭示所考虑的卢旺达泉水水源的水质在空间上的分布情况。每月从 9 个泉水水源采集样本，测量的元素有铝、钙、铜、铁、锰和锌。金属指数表明，在旱季和雨季，Kibungo（1.10 和 1.26）和 Kinigi（1.01 和 1.54）的采样点的金属指数都高于 1，因此这些采样点的水质已经接近警戒阈值。分析表明，与旱季相比，在雨季，污染物更容易在城乡地区的水体中被输送，其程度更大。
