酒精和乙酸盐对脑血流的影响：一项初步研究。
Effects of Alcohol and Acetate on Cerebral Blood Flow: A Pilot Study.
机构信息
From the, Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
出版信息
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2019 Oct;43(10):2070-2078. doi: 10.1111/acer.14173. Epub 2019 Aug 24.
BACKGROUND
Acute alcohol produces effects on cerebral metabolism and blood flow. Alcohol is converted to acetate, which serves as a source of energy for the brain and is an agonist at G protein-coupled receptors distributed in different cell types in the body including neurons. Acetate has been hypothesized to play a role in the cerebral blood flow (CBF) response after alcohol ingestion. We tested whether administration of acetate would alter CBF in a pattern similar to or different from that of alcohol ingestion in healthy individuals.
METHODS
Twenty-four healthy participants were assigned by convenience to receive either 0.6 g/kg alcohol orally (n = 12) or acetate intravenously (n = 12). For each participant, CBF maps were acquired using an arterial spin labeling sequence on a 3T magnetic resonance scanner after placebo and after drug administration. Whole-brain CBF maps were compared between placebo and drug using a paired t-test, and set at a threshold of p < 0.05 corrected for multiple comparisons (k ≥ 142 voxels, ≥3.78 cm ), voxel-level p < 0.005. Intoxication was measured after placebo and drug administration with a Subjective High Assessment Scale (SHAS-7).
RESULTS
Compared to placebo, alcohol and acetate were associated with increased CBF in the medial thalamus. Alcohol, but not acetate, was associated with increased CBF in the right orbitofrontal, medial prefrontal and cingulate cortex, and hippocampus. Plasma acetate levels increased following administration of alcohol and acetate and did not differ between the 2 arms. Alcohol, but not acetate, was associated with an increase in SHAS-7 scores (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Increased thalamic CBF associated with either alcohol or acetate administration suggests that the thalamic CBF response after alcohol could be mediated by acetate. Compared to other brain regions, thalamus may differ in its ability to metabolize acetate or expression of receptors responsive to acetate. Increased prefrontal and limbic CBF associated with alcohol may be linked to alcohol's behavioral effects.
背景
急性酒精会对大脑代谢和血流产生影响。酒精会转化为醋酸盐，作为大脑的能量来源，同时也是分布在体内不同细胞类型（包括神经元）的 G 蛋白偶联受体的激动剂。有人假设醋酸盐在酒精摄入后对大脑血流（CBF）反应中起作用。我们测试了在健康个体中，给予醋酸盐是否会改变 CBF，其模式与酒精摄入相似或不同。
方法
24 名健康参与者通过便利分配，分别接受口服 0.6g/kg 酒精（n=12）或静脉内给予醋酸盐（n=12）。对于每个参与者，在安慰剂和药物给药后，使用动脉自旋标记序列在 3T 磁共振扫描仪上采集 CBF 图。使用配对 t 检验比较安慰剂和药物之间的全脑 CBF 图，并在多个比较（k≥142 体素，≥3.78cm）校正的基础上设置 p<0.05 的阈值，体素水平 p<0.005。在给予安慰剂和药物后，使用主观高评估量表（SHAS-7）测量醉酒程度。
结果
与安慰剂相比，酒精和醋酸盐与内侧丘脑的 CBF 增加有关。酒精，但不是醋酸盐，与右侧眶额、内侧前额叶和扣带回皮质以及海马的 CBF 增加有关。给予酒精和醋酸盐后，血浆醋酸盐水平升高，且在 2 个臂之间没有差异。酒精，但不是醋酸盐，与 SHAS-7 评分增加有关（p<0.001）。
结论
与给予酒精或醋酸盐有关的内侧丘脑 CBF 增加表明，酒精后丘脑 CBF 反应可能由醋酸盐介导。与其他脑区相比，丘脑在代谢醋酸盐或表达对醋酸盐有反应的受体方面可能存在差异。与酒精相关的前额叶和边缘叶 CBF 增加可能与酒精的行为效应有关。
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