Anzini Pietro, Colombo Gaia Maria, Filiberti Zeno, Parola Alberto
Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy.
Phys Rev Lett. 2019 Jul 12;123(2):028002. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.028002.
Thermal gradients lead to macroscopic fluid motion if a confining surface is present along the gradient. This fundamental nonequilibrium effect, known as thermo-osmosis, is held responsible for particle thermophoresis in colloidal suspensions. A unified approach for thermo-osmosis in liquids and in gases is still lacking. Linear response theory is generalized to inhomogeneous systems, leading to an exact microscopic theory for the thermo-osmotic flow, showing that the effect originates from two independent physical mechanisms, playing different roles in the gas and liquid phases, reducing to known expressions in the appropriate limits.
如果沿梯度方向存在一个限制表面，热梯度会导致宏观流体运动。这种基本的非平衡效应，即热渗透，被认为是胶体悬浮液中颗粒热泳的原因。目前仍缺乏一种适用于液体和气体热渗透的统一方法。线性响应理论被推广到非均匀系统，从而得到了热渗透流的精确微观理论，表明该效应源于两种独立的物理机制，它们在气相和液相中发挥着不同的作用，并在适当的极限情况下简化为已知的表达式。
