Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico.
J Appl Toxicol. 2020 Jan;40(1):151-168. doi: 10.1002/jat.3880. Epub 2019 Aug 6.
Oxidative/nitrosative stress is proposed to be a critical factor in various diseases, including liver pathologies. Antioxidants derived from medicinal plants have been studied extensively and are relevant to many illnesses, including liver diseases. Several hepatic disorders, such as viral hepatitis and alcoholic or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, involve free radicals/oxidative stress as agents that cause or at least exacerbate liver injury, which can result in chronic liver diseases, such as liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and end-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. In this scenario, nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) appears to be an essential factor to counteract or attenuate oxidative or nitrosative stress in hepatic cells. In fact, a growing body of evidence indicates that Nrf2 plays complex and multicellular roles in hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, hepatocarcinogenesis and regeneration via the induction of its target genes. Inflammation is the most common feature of chronic liver diseases, triggering fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Increasing evidence indicates that Nrf2 counteracts the proinflammatory process by modulating the recruitment of inflammatory cells and inducing the endogenous antioxidant response of the cell. In this review, the interactions between antioxidant and inflammatory molecular pathways are analyzed.
氧化/硝化应激被认为是包括肝脏疾病在内的各种疾病的关键因素。从药用植物中提取的抗氧化剂已被广泛研究，并与许多疾病相关，包括肝脏疾病。一些肝脏疾病，如病毒性肝炎、酒精性或非酒精性脂肪性肝炎，涉及自由基/氧化应激作为导致或至少加重肝损伤的因素，这可能导致慢性肝脏疾病，如肝纤维化、肝硬化和终末期肝细胞癌。在这种情况下，核因子-E2 相关因子-2（Nrf2）似乎是对抗或减轻肝细胞氧化或硝化应激的重要因素。事实上，越来越多的证据表明，Nrf2 通过诱导其靶基因，在肝脏炎症、纤维化、肝癌发生和再生中发挥复杂的多细胞作用。炎症是慢性肝脏疾病最常见的特征，引发纤维化、肝硬化和肝细胞癌。越来越多的证据表明，Nrf2 通过调节炎症细胞的募集和诱导细胞的内源性抗氧化反应来对抗促炎过程。在这篇综述中，分析了抗氧化和炎症分子途径之间的相互作用。
