Formerly Professor of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India,
J Biosci. 2019 Jul;44(3).
The history of the racial classification of the people of India can be looked at in three temporal phases: (1) at the national level, the initial studies of racial classification attempted along with the Census of India; (2) at the regional level, studies by anthropologists and statisticians following systematic sampling and statistical procedures were conducted after the initial national-level studies and (3) population-specific studies in different regions across the country including micro-evolutionary studies of individual populations followed the regional studies. Initially the racial classification was part of the Census survey conducted by British anthropologists in some parts of the country among castes and tribes and was based on a few physical traits. This was followed by a systematic anthropometric survey in particulars regions (e.g., UP, Bengal, etc.) by anthropologists and statisticians. This was followed by population specific micro-evolutionary studies across different regions by numerous anthropologists investigating the role of selection, drift, migration and admixture and other population structure variables among endogamous castes and tribes.
（1）在国家层面，最初的种族分类研究是与印度人口普查一起进行的；（2）在区域层面，在国家层面的初步研究之后，人类学家和统计学家通过系统抽样和统计程序进行了研究；（3）在全国不同地区进行了特定人群的研究，包括对个体群体的微观进化研究，这些研究是在区域研究之后进行的。最初，种族分类是英国人类学家在该国部分地区对种姓和部落进行人口普查的一部分，其依据是一些身体特征。之后，人类学家和统计学家在特定地区（如北方邦、孟加拉邦等）进行了系统的人体测量调查。之后，许多人类学家对不同地区进行了特定人群的微观进化研究，调查了选择、漂变、迁移和混合等因素以及内婚种姓和部落中的其他人口结构变量的作用。
