A requirement of Polo-like kinase 1 in murine embryonic myogenesis and adult muscle regeneration.

Muscle development and regeneration require delicate cell cycle regulation of embryonic myoblasts and adult muscle satellite cells (MuSCs). Through analysis of the Polo-like kinase (Plk) family cell-cycle regulators in mice, we show that Plk1's expression closely mirrors myoblast dynamics during embryonic and postnatal myogenesis. Cell-specific deletion of in embryonic myoblasts leads to depletion of myoblasts, developmental failure and prenatal lethality. Postnatal deletion of in MuSCs does not perturb their quiescence but depletes activated MuSCs as they enter the cell cycle, leading to regenerative failure. The -null MuSCs are arrested at the M-phase, accumulate DNA damage, and apoptose. Mechanistically, deletion upregulates p53, and inhibition of p53 promotes survival of the -null myoblasts. Pharmacological inhibition of Plk1 similarly inhibits proliferation but promotes differentiation of myoblasts in vitro, and blocks muscle regeneration in vivo. These results reveal for the first time an indispensable role of Plk1 in developmental and regenerative myogenesis.