Mekibib Berhanu, Mikir Tadesse, Fekadu Amene, Abebe Rahmeto
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
Field Veterinarian, Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Amhara Region, Ethiopia.
J Vet Med. 2019 Jul 18;2019:5169040. doi: 10.1155/2019/5169040. eCollection 2019.
Accurate clinical diagnosis of pneumonia, the leading cause of mortality in small ruminants, is difficult and usually requires postmortem examination of the lungs. An active abattoir survey was conducted between November 2017 and April 2018 to estimate the prevalence and characterize the gross and histopathological lesions of pneumonic lungs in 864 clinically healthy young small ruminants (490 sheep and 374 goats aged 1.5 to 3 years) raised for meat in different parts of the country and slaughtered at Elfora Bishoftu export abattoir, Ethiopia. Out of the total lungs examined grossly, pneumonic lesions were found in 158 (18.29%) lungs. On histopathological examination of the lungs with gross pneumonic lesion, however, typical pneumonic lesions were diagnosed in 148 (17.13%) lungs only. No significant (p>0.05) difference was noted in the prevalence of pneumonia between sheep (17.14%) and goats (17.11%) in histopathological examination. Based on the predominant histopathological findings, the pneumonic lesions were characterized as interstitial pneumonia (41.9%), acute suppurative bronchopneumonia (25.7%), acute fibrinous bronchopneumonia (24.3%), chronic bronchopneumonia (6.1%), aspiration pneumonia (4.7%), bronchointerstitial pneumonia (3.4%), and ovine pulmonary adenomatosis (3.4%). The study further showed the spread of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis and ovine progressive pneumonia (Maedi) from the central highlands to areas that were previously free from these diseases. Due to its better diagnostic capacity, histopathology should be employed routinely as an ancillary test in the major abattoirs and regional veterinary laboratories to generate additional epidemiological data for a better disease control and prevention measures. Further studies are also recommended to identify the etiological agents of pneumonia in sheep and goats and thereby to formulate feasible and cost-effective interventions.
肺炎是小型反刍动物死亡的主要原因，准确的临床诊断较为困难，通常需要对肺部进行尸检。2017年11月至2018年4月期间，开展了一项活跃的屠宰场调查，以估算864只临床上健康的年轻小型反刍动物（490只绵羊和374只1.5至3岁的山羊）的肺炎患病率，并对其肺部的大体和组织病理学病变进行特征描述。这些动物在该国不同地区饲养用于肉类生产，并在埃塞俄比亚的埃尔福拉·比肖夫图出口屠宰场屠宰。在全部进行大体检查的肺脏中，发现158个（18.29%）肺脏有肺炎病变。然而，在对有大体肺炎病变的肺脏进行组织病理学检查时，仅在148个（17.13%）肺脏中诊断出典型的肺炎病变。在组织病理学检查中，绵羊（17.14%）和山羊（17.11%）的肺炎患病率无显著差异（p>0.05）。根据主要的组织病理学发现，肺炎病变特征为间质性肺炎（41.9%）、急性化脓性支气管肺炎（25.7%）、急性纤维素性支气管肺炎（24.3%）、慢性支气管肺炎（6.1%）、吸入性肺炎（4.7%）、支气管间质性肺炎（3.4%）和绵羊肺腺瘤病（3.4%）。该研究还表明，绵羊肺腺瘤病和绵羊进行性肺炎（梅迪病）已从中央高地传播到以前没有这些疾病的地区。由于组织病理学具有更好的诊断能力，应在主要屠宰场和地区兽医实验室常规用作辅助检测，以生成更多流行病学数据，以便采取更好的疾病控制和预防措施。还建议进一步开展研究，以确定绵羊和山羊肺炎的病原体，从而制定可行且具有成本效益的干预措施。
