An effective and safe treatment strategy for rheumatoid arthritis based on human serum albumin and Kolliphor HS 15.

We aimed to construct human serum albumin-Kolliphor HS 15 nanoparticles (HSA-HS15 NPs) to overcome the limitations in targeted therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and enhance the safety of drug-loaded HSA NPs. Celastrol (CLT)-loaded HSA-HS15 NPs were prepared and the properties were adequately investigated; the treatment effect were evaluated in RA rats; and studies were performed to explain the mechanism. CLT-HSA-HS15 NPs had remarkable treatment ability and enhanced safety in the treatment of RA compared with free CLT and CLT-HSA NPs. HSA-HS15 NPs could be a safe and efficient therapeutic strategy for the treatment of RA, because of the inflammatory targeting ability of albumin, the added HS15 and ELVIS effect (extravasation through leaky vasculature followed by inflammatory cell-mediated sequestration) of nanoparticles.