INRA Pays de la Loire, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies (BIA), rue de la géraudière, BP 71627, 44316 Nantes Cedex 01, France.
Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, 15 Hospital Ave, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
Nutrients. 2019 Aug 8;11(8):1841. doi: 10.3390/nu11081841.
Allergic diseases now affect over 30% of individuals in many communities, particularly young children, underscoring the need for effective prevention strategies in early life. These allergic conditions have been linked to environmental and lifestyle changes driving the dysfunction of three interdependent biological systems: microbiota, epithelial barrier and immune system. While this is multifactorial, dietary changes are of particular interest in the altered establishment and maturation of the microbiome, including the associated profile of metabolites that modulate immune development and barrier function. Prebiotics are non-digestible food ingredients that beneficially influence the health of the host by 1) acting as a fermentable substrate for some specific commensal host bacteria leading to the release of short-chain fatty acids in the gut intestinal tract influencing many molecular and cellular processes; 2) acting directly on several compartments and specifically on different patterns of cells (epithelial and immune cells). Nutrients with prebiotic properties are therefore of central interest in allergy prevention for their potential to promote a more tolerogenic environment through these multiple pathways. Both observational studies and experimental models lend further credence to this hypothesis. In this review, we describe both the mechanisms and the therapeutic evidence from preclinical and clinical studies exploring the role of prebiotics in allergy prevention.
过敏疾病现在影响了许多社区中超过 30%的个体，尤其是幼儿，这突显出在生命早期需要有效的预防策略。这些过敏状况与环境和生活方式的改变有关，这些改变导致了三个相互依存的生物系统的功能障碍：微生物群、上皮屏障和免疫系统。虽然这是多因素的，但饮食变化在微生物组的改变建立和成熟中特别有趣，包括调节免疫发育和屏障功能的相关代谢物谱。益生元是不可消化的食物成分，通过以下方式有益地影响宿主的健康：1）作为某些特定共生宿主细菌的可发酵底物，导致肠道中短链脂肪酸的释放，从而影响许多分子和细胞过程；2）直接作用于几个隔室，特别是不同类型的细胞（上皮细胞和免疫细胞）。具有益生元特性的营养素因此是过敏预防的核心关注点，因为它们有可能通过这些多种途径促进更耐受的环境。观察性研究和实验模型进一步证实了这一假设。在这篇综述中，我们描述了益生元在预防过敏中的作用的机制和来自临床前和临床研究的治疗证据。
